Many intermolecular potentials are defined as the distance
between pairs of components; these are called pair potentials.
Internal energy: The energy contained within the system.
Interpenetration: In polyelectrolyte multilayer films, this is the tendency
of polycations and polyanions to commingle to form highly
homogeneous assemblies rather than distinct, stratified layers.
This process shields the excess charge within the distinct layers,
allowing for tighter packing.
Ion–ion forces: Attractive or repulsive interaction between ionic species.
Isobaric process: A process in which the pressure within the system is
unchanged.
Isolated system: A system that exchanges neither energy nor matter with
its surroundings.
Isothermal process: A process in which there is no change in temperature of the system or the surroundings.
J-type aggregate: One-dimensional molecular assembly in which the
dipole moments of the individual monomers are aligned parallel
to the line joining their centers. This is sometimes referred to as
the “end-to-end arrangement.”
Laminar flow: The flow of fluid in parallel layers.
Langevin model: A model for the response of dipoles to an electric field
that assumes no interaction between the dipoles, similar to the
Onsager model.
Langmuir adsorption isotherm: Equation relating the concentration or
pressure of an adsorbate to the degree of deposition on an
adsorbent.
Langmuir–Blodgett deposition: The transfer of a monolayer to a substrate using a trough, which compresses molecules (often surfactants) on the surface of a liquid buffer. The hydrophobic tails of
the molecules will assemble on the surface of the substrate as it is
passed through the compressed layer of surfactant. Multilayer
films can be created by switching direction of the substrate
entering the compressed layer.
Layer-by-layer deposition: Process of building nanoscale assemblies
by exploiting intermolecular or chemical attraction forces.
446
Glossary
between pairs of components; these are called pair potentials.
Internal energy: The energy contained within the system.
Interpenetration: In polyelectrolyte multilayer films, this is the tendency
of polycations and polyanions to commingle to form highly
homogeneous assemblies rather than distinct, stratified layers.
This process shields the excess charge within the distinct layers,
allowing for tighter packing.
Ion–ion forces: Attractive or repulsive interaction between ionic species.
Isobaric process: A process in which the pressure within the system is
unchanged.
Isolated system: A system that exchanges neither energy nor matter with
its surroundings.
Isothermal process: A process in which there is no change in temperature of the system or the surroundings.
J-type aggregate: One-dimensional molecular assembly in which the
dipole moments of the individual monomers are aligned parallel
to the line joining their centers. This is sometimes referred to as
the “end-to-end arrangement.”
Laminar flow: The flow of fluid in parallel layers.
Langevin model: A model for the response of dipoles to an electric field
that assumes no interaction between the dipoles, similar to the
Onsager model.
Langmuir adsorption isotherm: Equation relating the concentration or
pressure of an adsorbate to the degree of deposition on an
adsorbent.
Langmuir–Blodgett deposition: The transfer of a monolayer to a substrate using a trough, which compresses molecules (often surfactants) on the surface of a liquid buffer. The hydrophobic tails of
the molecules will assemble on the surface of the substrate as it is
passed through the compressed layer of surfactant. Multilayer
films can be created by switching direction of the substrate
entering the compressed layer.
Layer-by-layer deposition: Process of building nanoscale assemblies
by exploiting intermolecular or chemical attraction forces.
446
Glossary