3 PAIRING COAL WITH SOLAR: THE UAE’S FRAGMENTED …
87
5, 2016; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/01/science/
what-is-clean-coal.html.
64. Author interviews on condition of anonymity, January 2020.
65. Mitya Underwood, “The Grey Area Over Air Pollution.” The National
(Abu Dhabi), July 29, 2015; https://www.thenational.ae/uae/enviro
nment/the-grey-area-over-air-pollution-1.44000.
66. In 2018, Middle Eastern coal production reached only 1.6 million tonnes,
roughly 0.02% of the global total. BP, “BP Statistical Review of World
Energy 2019.”
67. “Construction Begins on New Coal Plant.” Economist Intelligence Unit,
November 18, 2016; http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=784
825662.
68. The LCOE for Fujairah’s recently awarded F3 plant, a 2.4 GW H class
CCGT, was 4.57 US cents per kWh, with gas priced at $5mmBtu. The
F3 plant’s capital investment cost comes in around $450/kW, roughly
half the cost of earlier CCGTs in the UAE, such as Sharjah’s $900/kW
S3 plant. Gas provides other less tangible benefits. The far shorter startup
times for CCGT versus coal allow for flexibility to increase solar integration and maximize the cost advantage provided by zero variable cost
solar.
69. “DEWA Begins Construction of 2,400 MW Hassyan Clean Coal Power
Station.” Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (press release), November
10, 2016; https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/
latest-news/2016/11/dewa-begins-construction-of-2400mw-hassyanclean-coal-power-station. “Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison—
Unsubsidized Analysis.” Lazard, 2018; https://www.lazard.com/media/
450784/lazards-levelized-cost-of-energy-version-120-vfinal.pdf.
Note
that adding CCS to Hassyan would reduce output and add significant
cost.
70. “Hassyan Clean Coal Project Symbol of UAE-China Green Partnership.” Xinhua, July 9, 2018; http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/201807/10/c_137313050.htm.
71. Ed Crooks, “The Week in Energy: China’s Coal-Fired Outreach.”
Financial Times, June 30, 2019; https://www.ft.com/content/1efe4e169b61-11e9-b8ce-8b459ed04726.
72. Aisha Sarihi, “Why Oil- and Gas-Rich Gulf Arab States are Turning to
Coal.” Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington (blog post), August 21,
2018; https://agsiw.org/oil-gas-rich-gulf-arab-states-turning-coal/.
73. BP, “BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019.”
74. Author interview with Abu Dhabi energy sector executive on condition
of anonymity, January 2020.
75. UAE-funded plants have been built or planned in 25 countries, including
Saudi Arabia, the UK, Mauritius, Ghana, and Uzbekistan.
87
5, 2016; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/01/science/
what-is-clean-coal.html.
64. Author interviews on condition of anonymity, January 2020.
65. Mitya Underwood, “The Grey Area Over Air Pollution.” The National
(Abu Dhabi), July 29, 2015; https://www.thenational.ae/uae/enviro
nment/the-grey-area-over-air-pollution-1.44000.
66. In 2018, Middle Eastern coal production reached only 1.6 million tonnes,
roughly 0.02% of the global total. BP, “BP Statistical Review of World
Energy 2019.”
67. “Construction Begins on New Coal Plant.” Economist Intelligence Unit,
November 18, 2016; http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=784
825662.
68. The LCOE for Fujairah’s recently awarded F3 plant, a 2.4 GW H class
CCGT, was 4.57 US cents per kWh, with gas priced at $5mmBtu. The
F3 plant’s capital investment cost comes in around $450/kW, roughly
half the cost of earlier CCGTs in the UAE, such as Sharjah’s $900/kW
S3 plant. Gas provides other less tangible benefits. The far shorter startup
times for CCGT versus coal allow for flexibility to increase solar integration and maximize the cost advantage provided by zero variable cost
solar.
69. “DEWA Begins Construction of 2,400 MW Hassyan Clean Coal Power
Station.” Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (press release), November
10, 2016; https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/
latest-news/2016/11/dewa-begins-construction-of-2400mw-hassyanclean-coal-power-station. “Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison—
Unsubsidized Analysis.” Lazard, 2018; https://www.lazard.com/media/
450784/lazards-levelized-cost-of-energy-version-120-vfinal.pdf.
Note
that adding CCS to Hassyan would reduce output and add significant
cost.
70. “Hassyan Clean Coal Project Symbol of UAE-China Green Partnership.” Xinhua, July 9, 2018; http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/201807/10/c_137313050.htm.
71. Ed Crooks, “The Week in Energy: China’s Coal-Fired Outreach.”
Financial Times, June 30, 2019; https://www.ft.com/content/1efe4e169b61-11e9-b8ce-8b459ed04726.
72. Aisha Sarihi, “Why Oil- and Gas-Rich Gulf Arab States are Turning to
Coal.” Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington (blog post), August 21,
2018; https://agsiw.org/oil-gas-rich-gulf-arab-states-turning-coal/.
73. BP, “BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019.”
74. Author interview with Abu Dhabi energy sector executive on condition
of anonymity, January 2020.
75. UAE-funded plants have been built or planned in 25 countries, including
Saudi Arabia, the UK, Mauritius, Ghana, and Uzbekistan.