3 PAIRING COAL WITH SOLAR: THE UAE’S FRAGMENTED …
85
41. Low gas hub prices at present notwithstanding. Volumes were contracted
in the early 2000s at around $1.20–1.30/mmbtu with a small annual
escalation in price.
42. Jim Krane and Steven Wright, Qatar ‘Rises Above’ Its Region: Geopolitics
and the Rejection of the GCC Gas Market (London: London School of
Economics, 2014).
43. “Qatar Finally Agrees to Boost Dolphin Gas Deliveries to UAE.” MEES,
Vol. 59, Issue 40, October 7, 2016; Dania Saadi, “UAE Holds Back
from Qatari-Saudi Detente and Plans for Gas Independence.” S&P
Global Platts, December 23, 2019; https://www.spglobal.com/platts/
en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/122319-feature-uae-holdsback-from-qatari-saudi-detente-and-plans-for-gas-independence.
44. “Shell Calls Time on Saudi Gas Project.” MEES, Vol. 57, Issue 28, July
11, 2014.
45. Author interview with UAE energy policymaking official by email January
2020 on condition of anonymity.
46. Hisham Akhonbay, “The Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf.”
KAPSARC slide presentation, 2018; https://www.ief.org/_resources/
files/events/third-ief-eu-energy-day/5.-hisham-akhonbay---kapsarc.pdf.
Oil to gas conversion uses BP’s oil-gas conversion tables, with 1 m barrels
of oil = 0.17 bcm of natural gas.
47. Abu Dhabi LCOE estimate provided by UAE energy policymaker in 2020; cost range is from Silvana Gamboa Palacios
and Jaap Jansen, “Nuclear Energy Economics: An Update to
Fact Finding Nuclear Energy.” Technology factsheet (Amsterdam:
TNO, December 13, 2018); https://publications.tno.nl/publication/
34627557/x1eQo8/TNO-2018-P11577.pdf.
48. Many of the arguments in this section can be found in greater detail in
Jim Krane, Amy Myers Jaffe, and Jareer Elass, “Nuclear Energy in the
Middle East: Chimera or Solution?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 72,
no. 1 (2016): 44–51.
49. Giacomo Luciani, “Nuclear Energy Developments in the Mediterranean
and the Gulf.” The International Spectator 44, no. 1 (2009): 113–29.
50. Several scholars in the 1970s and 1980s highlighted the “nuclearization”
of the state. See: Joseph A. Camilleri, The State and Nuclear Power:
Conflict and Control in the Western World (Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1984);
Robert Jungk, The Nuclear State (London: John Calder, 1979); Michael
Flood and Robin Grove-White, Nuclear Prospects: A Comment on the
Individual, the State and Nuclear Power (London: Friends of the Earth,
1976); Roy Lewis, “Nuclear Power and Employment Rights.” Industrial Law Journal, no. 7 (1978): 1–15; A. Blowers and D. Pepper, “The
Nuclear State—From Consensus to Conflict.” In Nuclear Power in Crisis:
Politics and Planning for the Nuclear State, ed. A. Blowers and D. Pepper
85
41. Low gas hub prices at present notwithstanding. Volumes were contracted
in the early 2000s at around $1.20–1.30/mmbtu with a small annual
escalation in price.
42. Jim Krane and Steven Wright, Qatar ‘Rises Above’ Its Region: Geopolitics
and the Rejection of the GCC Gas Market (London: London School of
Economics, 2014).
43. “Qatar Finally Agrees to Boost Dolphin Gas Deliveries to UAE.” MEES,
Vol. 59, Issue 40, October 7, 2016; Dania Saadi, “UAE Holds Back
from Qatari-Saudi Detente and Plans for Gas Independence.” S&P
Global Platts, December 23, 2019; https://www.spglobal.com/platts/
en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/122319-feature-uae-holdsback-from-qatari-saudi-detente-and-plans-for-gas-independence.
44. “Shell Calls Time on Saudi Gas Project.” MEES, Vol. 57, Issue 28, July
11, 2014.
45. Author interview with UAE energy policymaking official by email January
2020 on condition of anonymity.
46. Hisham Akhonbay, “The Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf.”
KAPSARC slide presentation, 2018; https://www.ief.org/_resources/
files/events/third-ief-eu-energy-day/5.-hisham-akhonbay---kapsarc.pdf.
Oil to gas conversion uses BP’s oil-gas conversion tables, with 1 m barrels
of oil = 0.17 bcm of natural gas.
47. Abu Dhabi LCOE estimate provided by UAE energy policymaker in 2020; cost range is from Silvana Gamboa Palacios
and Jaap Jansen, “Nuclear Energy Economics: An Update to
Fact Finding Nuclear Energy.” Technology factsheet (Amsterdam:
TNO, December 13, 2018); https://publications.tno.nl/publication/
34627557/x1eQo8/TNO-2018-P11577.pdf.
48. Many of the arguments in this section can be found in greater detail in
Jim Krane, Amy Myers Jaffe, and Jareer Elass, “Nuclear Energy in the
Middle East: Chimera or Solution?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 72,
no. 1 (2016): 44–51.
49. Giacomo Luciani, “Nuclear Energy Developments in the Mediterranean
and the Gulf.” The International Spectator 44, no. 1 (2009): 113–29.
50. Several scholars in the 1970s and 1980s highlighted the “nuclearization”
of the state. See: Joseph A. Camilleri, The State and Nuclear Power:
Conflict and Control in the Western World (Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1984);
Robert Jungk, The Nuclear State (London: John Calder, 1979); Michael
Flood and Robin Grove-White, Nuclear Prospects: A Comment on the
Individual, the State and Nuclear Power (London: Friends of the Earth,
1976); Roy Lewis, “Nuclear Power and Employment Rights.” Industrial Law Journal, no. 7 (1978): 1–15; A. Blowers and D. Pepper, “The
Nuclear State—From Consensus to Conflict.” In Nuclear Power in Crisis:
Politics and Planning for the Nuclear State, ed. A. Blowers and D. Pepper