xxxii ◾ Contents
Test for Bacterial Toxins in Foods .................................................................................. 542
Rapid Methods and Automation .................................................................................... 543
Metabolic Fingerprinting ...................................................................................... 543
Immunoassays for Rapid Detection of Pathogens ................................................. 544
Immunomagnetic Separation (IMS) ............................................................ 544
Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) Method ..................................545
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) ......................................... 546
Immunofluorescence Assay .......................................................................... 547
Immunochromatographic Lateral Flow Assay .............................................. 547
Flow Cytometry .......................................................................................... 548
Bacteriophage for Detection of Pathogens ............................................................ 548
Culture or Staining Methods ................................................................................ 548
Reporter Phages .................................................................................................... 548
Phages for Capture and Detection Using Biosensors ............................................. 549
Bioluminescence Methods .................................................................................... 549
Nucleic Acid-Based Methods ................................................................................ 549
Hybridization Method ................................................................................. 549
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ...............................................................550
DNA Fingerprinting .....................................................................................551
Whole Genome Sequencing ...................................................................................552
Microarrays and Mass-Spectrometry .....................................................................552
Pathogenicity Assay ...............................................................................................553
Biosensors for Pathogen Detection ..................................................................................553
Fiber-Optic Biosensors ...........................................................................................554
Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor........................................................................555
Electrochemical Immunosensor .............................................................................556
Piezoelectric (PZ) Biosensor ..................................................................................556
Impedance-Based Biochip Sensor ..........................................................................556
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy .........557
Light Scattering .....................................................................................................558
Cell-Based Sensors .................................................................................................558
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................559
References ...................................................................................................................... 560
Appendix A: Predictive Modeling of Microbial Growth in Food......................................563
Importance .................................................................................................................... 563
Traditional Methods ...................................................................................................... 564
Challenge Studies ................................................................................................. 564
Storage Studies ..................................................................................................... 564
Accelerated Shelf Life Studies .............................................................................. 564
Predictive Microbiology ................................................................................................. 564
Square Root Model ................................................................................................565
Sigmoidal Model (Gompertz: USDA Model) ........................................................565
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................565
References ...................................................................................................................... 566
Test for Bacterial Toxins in Foods .................................................................................. 542
Rapid Methods and Automation .................................................................................... 543
Metabolic Fingerprinting ...................................................................................... 543
Immunoassays for Rapid Detection of Pathogens ................................................. 544
Immunomagnetic Separation (IMS) ............................................................ 544
Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) Method ..................................545
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) ......................................... 546
Immunofluorescence Assay .......................................................................... 547
Immunochromatographic Lateral Flow Assay .............................................. 547
Flow Cytometry .......................................................................................... 548
Bacteriophage for Detection of Pathogens ............................................................ 548
Culture or Staining Methods ................................................................................ 548
Reporter Phages .................................................................................................... 548
Phages for Capture and Detection Using Biosensors ............................................. 549
Bioluminescence Methods .................................................................................... 549
Nucleic Acid-Based Methods ................................................................................ 549
Hybridization Method ................................................................................. 549
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ...............................................................550
DNA Fingerprinting .....................................................................................551
Whole Genome Sequencing ...................................................................................552
Microarrays and Mass-Spectrometry .....................................................................552
Pathogenicity Assay ...............................................................................................553
Biosensors for Pathogen Detection ..................................................................................553
Fiber-Optic Biosensors ...........................................................................................554
Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor........................................................................555
Electrochemical Immunosensor .............................................................................556
Piezoelectric (PZ) Biosensor ..................................................................................556
Impedance-Based Biochip Sensor ..........................................................................556
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy .........557
Light Scattering .....................................................................................................558
Cell-Based Sensors .................................................................................................558
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................559
References ...................................................................................................................... 560
Appendix A: Predictive Modeling of Microbial Growth in Food......................................563
Importance .................................................................................................................... 563
Traditional Methods ...................................................................................................... 564
Challenge Studies ................................................................................................. 564
Storage Studies ..................................................................................................... 564
Accelerated Shelf Life Studies .............................................................................. 564
Predictive Microbiology ................................................................................................. 564
Square Root Model ................................................................................................565
Sigmoidal Model (Gompertz: USDA Model) ........................................................565
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................565
References ...................................................................................................................... 566