239
2016). Since milk proteins are considered one of the most important sources of
bioactive peptides, identification of such peptides has become vital. One such study
where bioactive peptides were identified using CE-MS was in commercial hypoallergenic infant milk formulas prepared from bovine milk protein hydrolysates
(Catala-Clariana et al. 2013). To measure molecular mass, high resolution TOF-MS
was used. A characteristic electrophoretic profile was obtained for each infant milk
formula studied. Also, the bioactive peptides identified were mostly found to be
ACE inhibitors, but other peptide sequence pertaining to different bioactivities such
as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, or hypocholesterolemic were also
observed.
Table 1 Examples of different analytical techniques employed to identify and characterize
bioactive peptides
Source
Technique
Potential bioactivity
References
Fermented milk
ESI/MS
ACE-inhibitory
Quirós et al.
(2007)
Bovine casein peptic
and chymosin
hydrolysis
ESI/MS
Antibacterial
McCann et al.
(2005, 2006)
Lactoferrin
hydrolysis by pepsin
ESI/MS
Antihypertensive
Ruiz-Gimenez
et al. (2012)
Whey protein
concentrate
hydrolysis by trypsin
ESI/MS
DPP-IV inhibitory
Silveira et al.
(2013)
Fermented milk
MALDI/TOF
Antihypertensive
Pihlanto et al.
(2010)
Lactoferrin
hydrolysis by pepsin
MALDI/TOF
Antimicrobial
Chan and Li-Chan
(2007)
β-casein peptide
RP-HPLC/MS
ACE-inhibitory
Quirós et al.
(2009)
Whey protein
concentrate
hydrolysis by
thermolysin
RP-HPLC-MS/MS
Antioxidant
Del Mar
Contreras et al.
(2011)
Peptides in infant
milk formula
CE-TOF-MS
Several activities including
antihypertensive, antioxidant,
antimicrobial etc.
Catala-Clariana
et al. (2013)
Peptides in alcalase
hydrolysated pollen
Nano LC–MS/MS
and RP-HPLC
Antihypertensive and
antioxidant
Maqsoudlou et al.
(2019)
Fermented cucumber MALDESI mass
spectrometry and
LC-QQQ-MS
Antihypertensive
Fideler et al.
(2019)
Soy seeds and soy
milk
Nano-LC–MS/MS
ACE Inhibitor, Antioxidative Capriotti et al.
(2015)
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Different Sources
2016). Since milk proteins are considered one of the most important sources of
bioactive peptides, identification of such peptides has become vital. One such study
where bioactive peptides were identified using CE-MS was in commercial hypoallergenic infant milk formulas prepared from bovine milk protein hydrolysates
(Catala-Clariana et al. 2013). To measure molecular mass, high resolution TOF-MS
was used. A characteristic electrophoretic profile was obtained for each infant milk
formula studied. Also, the bioactive peptides identified were mostly found to be
ACE inhibitors, but other peptide sequence pertaining to different bioactivities such
as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, or hypocholesterolemic were also
observed.
Table 1 Examples of different analytical techniques employed to identify and characterize
bioactive peptides
Source
Technique
Potential bioactivity
References
Fermented milk
ESI/MS
ACE-inhibitory
Quirós et al.
(2007)
Bovine casein peptic
and chymosin
hydrolysis
ESI/MS
Antibacterial
McCann et al.
(2005, 2006)
Lactoferrin
hydrolysis by pepsin
ESI/MS
Antihypertensive
Ruiz-Gimenez
et al. (2012)
Whey protein
concentrate
hydrolysis by trypsin
ESI/MS
DPP-IV inhibitory
Silveira et al.
(2013)
Fermented milk
MALDI/TOF
Antihypertensive
Pihlanto et al.
(2010)
Lactoferrin
hydrolysis by pepsin
MALDI/TOF
Antimicrobial
Chan and Li-Chan
(2007)
β-casein peptide
RP-HPLC/MS
ACE-inhibitory
Quirós et al.
(2009)
Whey protein
concentrate
hydrolysis by
thermolysin
RP-HPLC-MS/MS
Antioxidant
Del Mar
Contreras et al.
(2011)
Peptides in infant
milk formula
CE-TOF-MS
Several activities including
antihypertensive, antioxidant,
antimicrobial etc.
Catala-Clariana
et al. (2013)
Peptides in alcalase
hydrolysated pollen
Nano LC–MS/MS
and RP-HPLC
Antihypertensive and
antioxidant
Maqsoudlou et al.
(2019)
Fermented cucumber MALDESI mass
spectrometry and
LC-QQQ-MS
Antihypertensive
Fideler et al.
(2019)
Soy seeds and soy
milk
Nano-LC–MS/MS
ACE Inhibitor, Antioxidative Capriotti et al.
(2015)
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Different Sources