159
(Dongowski 1995). Pectins with higher degree of esterification i.e. hydrophobic
substitutions have been found to lower plasma cholesterol, due to their lesser solubility (Anderson et al. 2009; Gronde et al. 2016). Pectins have been shown to promote droplet flocculation which slows down their digestion than the non-flocculated
ones owing to the reduced surface area of lipids for lipases to act upon (Reis et al.
2009) (Fig. 7).
Role in Prevention of Cancer
Researchers have established the role of Pectin and its derivatives in the inhibition
of metastasis. Flint et al. (2008) reported that the anti-tumour property of dietary
pectin is mainly due to its role in protection of immune system and promotion of
probiotic growth. Pectin derived from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, have been
reported to modulate the immunological activity of Band T cells owing to its carboxyl and acetyl groups (Wang et al. 2003). Inside the colon, dietary pectin is fermented into short-chain fatty acids that help the gut microflora to grow by lowering
pH and by preventing the overgrowth of pathogens and also regulate the apoptotic
proteins in the colonic crypts, and enhance growth of colocyte crypts (Louis et al.
2014). The in-vitro and in-vivo studies demonstrated anti-cancerous effects of apple
pectin. In vitro studies in 4T1 breast cancer cells revealed that pectic acid (0.1%
Fig. 7 Displaying the effect of High methoxylated pectin (HMP) and medium methoxylated pectin (MMP) on the inhibition of lipid droplet digestion by pectin. High methoxylated pectin (HMP)
and medium methoxylated pectin (MMP) form a closed structure around the lipid droplets (depletion flocculation) which prevents the access of lipase to their surfaces thus preventing the lipid
digestion (a), whereas low methoxylated pectin (LMP) promotes lipid digestion due to its open
structure formed as a result of electrostatic repulsion with negatively charged lipid droplets, allowing the access of lipase to their surfaces (b). Adapted from Elsevier 2016
Pectin
(Dongowski 1995). Pectins with higher degree of esterification i.e. hydrophobic
substitutions have been found to lower plasma cholesterol, due to their lesser solubility (Anderson et al. 2009; Gronde et al. 2016). Pectins have been shown to promote droplet flocculation which slows down their digestion than the non-flocculated
ones owing to the reduced surface area of lipids for lipases to act upon (Reis et al.
2009) (Fig. 7).
Role in Prevention of Cancer
Researchers have established the role of Pectin and its derivatives in the inhibition
of metastasis. Flint et al. (2008) reported that the anti-tumour property of dietary
pectin is mainly due to its role in protection of immune system and promotion of
probiotic growth. Pectin derived from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, have been
reported to modulate the immunological activity of Band T cells owing to its carboxyl and acetyl groups (Wang et al. 2003). Inside the colon, dietary pectin is fermented into short-chain fatty acids that help the gut microflora to grow by lowering
pH and by preventing the overgrowth of pathogens and also regulate the apoptotic
proteins in the colonic crypts, and enhance growth of colocyte crypts (Louis et al.
2014). The in-vitro and in-vivo studies demonstrated anti-cancerous effects of apple
pectin. In vitro studies in 4T1 breast cancer cells revealed that pectic acid (0.1%
Fig. 7 Displaying the effect of High methoxylated pectin (HMP) and medium methoxylated pectin (MMP) on the inhibition of lipid droplet digestion by pectin. High methoxylated pectin (HMP)
and medium methoxylated pectin (MMP) form a closed structure around the lipid droplets (depletion flocculation) which prevents the access of lipase to their surfaces thus preventing the lipid
digestion (a), whereas low methoxylated pectin (LMP) promotes lipid digestion due to its open
structure formed as a result of electrostatic repulsion with negatively charged lipid droplets, allowing the access of lipase to their surfaces (b). Adapted from Elsevier 2016
Pectin