Chapter 1
Data Used for Calculations,
Comparisons, and Verifications
Sources of data sets for COVID-19 pandemic dynamics, some examples and
principles of their using will be presented in this chapter.
For calculations, we will use the official data about the accumulated numbers of
confirmed COVID-19 cases V j ; j ¼ 1; 2; 3; . . .; n in different countries and worldwide. The number of observations n may vary for different investigations. The main
source of this information is WHO daily situation reports, [1]. The corresponding
time moments t j are measured in days. We will use different zero points for the time,
specifying them for every calculation (see examples in Tables 1.1 and 1.2). It must
be noted that V j shows the accumulated number of laboratory confirmed cases at the
end of corresponding day. It means that the number of infected people could be
much higher at corresponding day, since there were and still are rather long delays
between the day of testing and day when the results of tests are ready. For example,
in Ukraine this delay was between 1 and 10 days (according to the type laboratory
and the length of the queue).
We will use and analyze also the daily data for the number of confirmed cases in
mainland China, which origins from National Health Commission (NHC) of the
People’s Republic of China [2] (see Table 1.2). On February 12, 2020, NHC has
added 12,289 new cases (not previously included in official counts) as “clinically
diagnosed cases”. The cases, reported by this official organization before, have the
name of “tested confirmed cases” [2]. To avoid confusing, we will denote “tested
confirmed cases” as W j and the “clinically diagnosed cases” as Q j ; j corresponds to
the different time moments t j (see Table 1.2). A part of the official diagram (its
version, presented on February 15, 2020) is shown in Fig. 1.1. In some urgent
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
I. Nesteruk, COVID-19 Pandemic Dynamics,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6416-5_1
1
Data Used for Calculations,
Comparisons, and Verifications
Sources of data sets for COVID-19 pandemic dynamics, some examples and
principles of their using will be presented in this chapter.
For calculations, we will use the official data about the accumulated numbers of
confirmed COVID-19 cases V j ; j ¼ 1; 2; 3; . . .; n in different countries and worldwide. The number of observations n may vary for different investigations. The main
source of this information is WHO daily situation reports, [1]. The corresponding
time moments t j are measured in days. We will use different zero points for the time,
specifying them for every calculation (see examples in Tables 1.1 and 1.2). It must
be noted that V j shows the accumulated number of laboratory confirmed cases at the
end of corresponding day. It means that the number of infected people could be
much higher at corresponding day, since there were and still are rather long delays
between the day of testing and day when the results of tests are ready. For example,
in Ukraine this delay was between 1 and 10 days (according to the type laboratory
and the length of the queue).
We will use and analyze also the daily data for the number of confirmed cases in
mainland China, which origins from National Health Commission (NHC) of the
People’s Republic of China [2] (see Table 1.2). On February 12, 2020, NHC has
added 12,289 new cases (not previously included in official counts) as “clinically
diagnosed cases”. The cases, reported by this official organization before, have the
name of “tested confirmed cases” [2]. To avoid confusing, we will denote “tested
confirmed cases” as W j and the “clinically diagnosed cases” as Q j ; j corresponds to
the different time moments t j (see Table 1.2). A part of the official diagram (its
version, presented on February 15, 2020) is shown in Fig. 1.1. In some urgent
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
I. Nesteruk, COVID-19 Pandemic Dynamics,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6416-5_1
1