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V. R. Nalule
The contributions to this book highlight several challenges and opportunities facing attempts to manage the decline of fossil fuels in Africa.
The book doesn’t provide all the answers but rather, referring to different
jurisdictions in Africa; the book gives an analysis of different approaches
and methodologies in transitioning to a low carbon economy in Africa.
As the chapters in this book show, different African countries are at
different levels of this transition, although there are some common
concerns shared by these countries.
The book highlights the challenges and frustration of the transition
because African countries still need fossil fuels to not only provide access
to modern energy to over 600 million people without access but also
for their economic development (Chapters 1 and 3). The heavy reliance
on traditional energy, especially charcoal and lack of finances for small
renewable energy enterprises are also the main barrier to energy transition in Africa (Chapters 6, 9, 14, and 15). Given the importance of
the legal and regulatory framework in the development of the energy
sector, contributors to the book express their frustrations concerning
the conflict of electricity laws that present a barrier to energy transition (Chapter 5). There is however some optimism to transition to a low
carbon economy and as such different African countries have deployed
renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies both at the national
and regional levels (Chapters 2, 7, and 8). Alternative cleaner energy such
as nuclear is also seen as an option in tackling energy access challenges
and responding to climate change (Chapter 4). However, the continued
role of fossil fuels in Africa can not be ignored. As such, thematic
cross-cutting issues including upstream fiscal regimes (Chapter 13); local
content in the oil and gas sector (Chapter 10); Social license to operate
in extractives (Chapter 11); and gender justice and technology in extractives (Chapter 12) are discussed through the lens of the energy transition
debate on the African continent.
Whereas there are various advantages associated with transitioning to
a low carbon economy, the strategies and international responses towards
this transition will in no doubt negatively affect the economies of African
countries. One of the obvious negative impacts is a decline in investments in fossil fuels which in recent months has been exacerbated by the
COVID-19 crisis. It is true that many developing countries still need
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