158
M. U. Ukponu et al.
Thirdly, NERC relied on its omnibus powers
79 to make certain regulations for off-grid and stand-alone electrical systems such as EGs,
80
IEDNs
81 and mini-grids.
82 These regulations appear to have general
application to EGs, IEDNs and mini-grids throughout the federation
83
without taking into consideration the powers of the States to regulate
off-grid electricity. NERC issues licenses to IEDN units to operate in
areas where there is no distribution system.
84 Such areas could be rural
communities that are not connected to the grid
85 which would naturally fall under the purview of the States to regulate. Similarly, NERC
issues permit for the operation of EG
86 and mini-grid units.
87 NERC
is expressly empowered to regulate all mini-grid stakeholders, including
institutions and agencies of the States that interact with mini-grid
operators.
88
There are three types of IEDNs–isolated off-grid rural IEDNs, isolated
off-grid urban IEDNs and embedded IEDNs.
89 With respect to minigrids, there are isolated mini-grids and interconnected mini-grids
90
The regulation of isolated off-grid urban IEDNs, embedded IEDNs
and interconnected mini-grids by NERC appear to be proper because,
although they are stand-alone electricity systems, they are appropriate
stand-alone systems to support or balance the service of generated electricity into the grid, which in turn transmits electricity to distribution
79 EPSRA, s 96 (1).
80 EGR, preamble.
81 IEDN Regulations, preamble.
82 Mini-Grid Regulations, preamble.
83 EGR, s 2; IEDN Regulations, s 2; Mini-Grid Regulations, s 4.
84 IEDN Regulations, s 6 (2).
85 An IEDN is a distribution network that is not directly connected to a transmission system
(grid lines). See IEDN Regulations, s 25. For the definition of a transmission system, see
EPSRA, s 100.
86 IEDN Regulations, s 28.
87 Mini-Grid Regulations, ss 7, 8, 9 and 10.
88 Mini-Grid Regulations, s 4.
89 EGR, s 3 (1)(a), (b) and (c).
90 —mini-Grid Regulations, s 5 (1).
M. U. Ukponu et al.
Thirdly, NERC relied on its omnibus powers
79 to make certain regulations for off-grid and stand-alone electrical systems such as EGs,
80
IEDNs
81 and mini-grids.
82 These regulations appear to have general
application to EGs, IEDNs and mini-grids throughout the federation
83
without taking into consideration the powers of the States to regulate
off-grid electricity. NERC issues licenses to IEDN units to operate in
areas where there is no distribution system.
84 Such areas could be rural
communities that are not connected to the grid
85 which would naturally fall under the purview of the States to regulate. Similarly, NERC
issues permit for the operation of EG
86 and mini-grid units.
87 NERC
is expressly empowered to regulate all mini-grid stakeholders, including
institutions and agencies of the States that interact with mini-grid
operators.
88
There are three types of IEDNs–isolated off-grid rural IEDNs, isolated
off-grid urban IEDNs and embedded IEDNs.
89 With respect to minigrids, there are isolated mini-grids and interconnected mini-grids
90
The regulation of isolated off-grid urban IEDNs, embedded IEDNs
and interconnected mini-grids by NERC appear to be proper because,
although they are stand-alone electricity systems, they are appropriate
stand-alone systems to support or balance the service of generated electricity into the grid, which in turn transmits electricity to distribution
79 EPSRA, s 96 (1).
80 EGR, preamble.
81 IEDN Regulations, preamble.
82 Mini-Grid Regulations, preamble.
83 EGR, s 2; IEDN Regulations, s 2; Mini-Grid Regulations, s 4.
84 IEDN Regulations, s 6 (2).
85 An IEDN is a distribution network that is not directly connected to a transmission system
(grid lines). See IEDN Regulations, s 25. For the definition of a transmission system, see
EPSRA, s 100.
86 IEDN Regulations, s 28.
87 Mini-Grid Regulations, ss 7, 8, 9 and 10.
88 Mini-Grid Regulations, s 4.
89 EGR, s 3 (1)(a), (b) and (c).
90 —mini-Grid Regulations, s 5 (1).