Chapter 3
Effects of the Introduction
of Superconductivity
into Electromagnetism
Abstract If the E-B analogy, which is current in the present electromagnetism, is
perfect, it seems to be natural that some magnetic material must exist that keeps the
interior magnetic flux density B zero, corresponding to a conductor that keeps its interior electric field E zero. This is in fact a superconductor, which really exists. Hence,
if someone would have assumed the existence of such a magnetic material based
on this analogy in the 19th century, he would have predicted the superconductor,
since it is possible to show that the electrical resistivity of this material must be zero
by using Maxwell’s theory. The magnetic phenomena exhibited by superconductors correspond to electric phenomena exhibited by conductors in various aspects,
including this point. In this chapter it is shown that introduction of the magnetic
phenomena of superconductors into electromagnetism is inevitable to make the E-B
analogy more rigorous. Reference [1] covers the topical area in this chapter.
3.1 Electricity in a Conductor and Magnetism
in a Superconductor
The internal electrostatic field is kept at zero in a conductor, even in an external
electric field:
E = 0.
(3.1)
The internal magnetic flux density is kept at zero in a superconductor, even in an
external magnetic field, when the magnetic field is not strong:
B = 0.
(3.2)
This property that shows the perfect diamagnetism is called the Meissner-Ochsenfeld
effect. These phenomena are quite analogous and support the present E-Banalogy.
Here, electric phenomena in a conductor and magnetic phenomena in the perfect
diamagnetic state in a superconductor are compared in more detail. Equations (2.7)
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
T. Matsushita, Superconductivity and Electromagnetism, Springer Series
in Solid-State Sciences 195, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67568-4_3
29
Effects of the Introduction
of Superconductivity
into Electromagnetism
Abstract If the E-B analogy, which is current in the present electromagnetism, is
perfect, it seems to be natural that some magnetic material must exist that keeps the
interior magnetic flux density B zero, corresponding to a conductor that keeps its interior electric field E zero. This is in fact a superconductor, which really exists. Hence,
if someone would have assumed the existence of such a magnetic material based
on this analogy in the 19th century, he would have predicted the superconductor,
since it is possible to show that the electrical resistivity of this material must be zero
by using Maxwell’s theory. The magnetic phenomena exhibited by superconductors correspond to electric phenomena exhibited by conductors in various aspects,
including this point. In this chapter it is shown that introduction of the magnetic
phenomena of superconductors into electromagnetism is inevitable to make the E-B
analogy more rigorous. Reference [1] covers the topical area in this chapter.
3.1 Electricity in a Conductor and Magnetism
in a Superconductor
The internal electrostatic field is kept at zero in a conductor, even in an external
electric field:
E = 0.
(3.1)
The internal magnetic flux density is kept at zero in a superconductor, even in an
external magnetic field, when the magnetic field is not strong:
B = 0.
(3.2)
This property that shows the perfect diamagnetism is called the Meissner-Ochsenfeld
effect. These phenomena are quite analogous and support the present E-Banalogy.
Here, electric phenomena in a conductor and magnetic phenomena in the perfect
diamagnetic state in a superconductor are compared in more detail. Equations (2.7)
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
T. Matsushita, Superconductivity and Electromagnetism, Springer Series
in Solid-State Sciences 195, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67568-4_3
29