8 2 Nanoparticles – Nanocomposites
Figure 2.1 Electron micrograph of zirconia, ZrO 2 powder. A very narrow distribution of grain
sizes is characteristic of this material. In many cases, this is predicated as important, because
the properties of nanomaterials depend on the grain size [1].
10 nm
Figure 2.2 Two extremely different types of
nanoparticulate Fe 2 O 3 powder. (a) Industrially
produced nanomaterial with broad particle
size distribution, typically of application as
pigments or UV-protection. Courtesy
Nanophase, Nanophase Technologies
Corporation, 1319 Marquette Drive,
Romeoville, IL 60446. (b) Nanoparticulate
powder consisting of clusters of amorphous
particles with sizes around 3 nm. Catalysis is
the most important field of application of this
material with extremely high surface. Courtesy
MACH I, Inc. 340 East Church Road, King of
Prussia, PA 19406 USA.
100 nm
50 nm
(a)
(b)
three particles 0.027. Lastly, it is impossible to obtain the intended perfect distribution of two phases by blending. Further-reaching measures are necessary.
Except for properties related to grain boundaries, the special properties of nanomaterials are ones of single isolated particles that are altered or even lost in the
case of interacting particles. Therefore, most of the basic considerations are related
to isolated nanoparticles as the unavoidable interaction of two or more particles
Figure 2.1 Electron micrograph of zirconia, ZrO 2 powder. A very narrow distribution of grain
sizes is characteristic of this material. In many cases, this is predicated as important, because
the properties of nanomaterials depend on the grain size [1].
10 nm
Figure 2.2 Two extremely different types of
nanoparticulate Fe 2 O 3 powder. (a) Industrially
produced nanomaterial with broad particle
size distribution, typically of application as
pigments or UV-protection. Courtesy
Nanophase, Nanophase Technologies
Corporation, 1319 Marquette Drive,
Romeoville, IL 60446. (b) Nanoparticulate
powder consisting of clusters of amorphous
particles with sizes around 3 nm. Catalysis is
the most important field of application of this
material with extremely high surface. Courtesy
MACH I, Inc. 340 East Church Road, King of
Prussia, PA 19406 USA.
100 nm
50 nm
(a)
(b)
three particles 0.027. Lastly, it is impossible to obtain the intended perfect distribution of two phases by blending. Further-reaching measures are necessary.
Except for properties related to grain boundaries, the special properties of nanomaterials are ones of single isolated particles that are altered or even lost in the
case of interacting particles. Therefore, most of the basic considerations are related
to isolated nanoparticles as the unavoidable interaction of two or more particles