13. Volume of the resin may be adjusted to fit the size of the
support platform.
14. Solvent extraction is a critical step as the swelling effect may
damage or destroy the scaffolds. Consequently, acetone can be
substituted by ethanol. Nevertheless, purification of the scaffolds by solvent extraction must be done carefully and necessarily sequentially. Supernatant from the extraction steps
should be intensely orange-colored for the first steps and
completely clear for the last steps.
15. In this process, the conversion of reactive groups is usually
incomplete, and post-thermal curing (90
C for 5 h) is often
applied to convert unreacted methacrylate functions into the
polymer network.
16. Due to the formation of a chemical network during the building by SL, the solvent is present in the network, and therefore
the size of the 3D object changes upon drying. The sizes of the
designs should be adjusted to the diluent concentration in
order to give scaffolds with desired sizes after building, extracting, and drying.
References
1. Bartolo PJ (2011) Stereolithography: materials, processes and applications. Springer,
New-York, NY. ISBN 978-0-387-92904-0
2. Melchels FPW, Feijen J, Grijpma DW (2010) A
review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering. Biomaterials
31(24):6121–6130
3. Blanquer SBG, Werner M, Hannula M,
Sharifi S, Lajoinie GPR, Eglin D, Hyttinen J,
Poot AA, Grijpma DW (2017) Surface curvature in triply-periodic minimal surface architectures as a distinct design parameter in preparing
advanced tissue engineering scaffolds. Biofabrication 9(2):025001
4. Fischer W, Koch E (1987) On 3-periodic minimal-surfaces. Z Kristallogr 179(1–4):31–52
5. Schoen AH (2012) Reflections concerning
triply-periodic minimal surfaces. Interface
Focus 2(5):658–668
6. Hyde S, Andersson S, Larsson Z, Blum T,
Landh S, Lidin BW, Ninham BW (1997) The
language of shape: the role of curvature in
condensed matter: physics, chemistry and biology. Elsevier, Amsterdam
7. Mai YY, Eisenberg A (2012) Self-assembly of
block copolymers. Chem Soc Rev 41
(18):5969–5985
8. Angelova A, Angelov B, Mutafchieva R,
Lesieur S, Couvreur P (2011) Self-assembled
multicompartment liquid crystalline lipid carriers for protein, peptide, and nucleic acid drug
delivery. Acc Chem Res 44(2):147–156
9. Tenchov B, Koynova R (2012) Cubic phases in
membrane lipids. Eur Biophys J Biophys 41
(10):841–850
10. Urbas AM, Maldovan M, DeRege P, Thomas
EL (2002) Bicontinuous cubic block copolymer photonic crystals. Adv Mater 14
(24):1850–1853
11. Eriksson JC, Ljunggren S (1994) The mechanical surface-tension and stability of minimal
surface-structures. J Colloid Interface Sci 167
(2):227–231
12. Gandy PJF, Bardhan S, Mackay AL, Klinowski
J (2001) Nodal surface approximations to
the P, G, D and I-WP triply periodic minimal
surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 336(3–4):187–195
13. Mackay AL (1994) Periodic minimal-surfaces
from finite-element methods. Chem Phys Lett
221(3–4):317–321
14. Rumpler M, Woesz A, Dunlop JWC, van Dongen JT, Fratzl P (2008) The effect of geometry
on three-dimensional tissue growth. J R Soc
Interface 5(27):1173–1180
15. Werner M, Blanquer SBG, Haimi SP, Korus G,
Dunlop JWC, Duda GN, Grijpma DW, Petersen A (2017) Surface curvature differentially
regulates
stem
cell
migration
and
TPMS Scaffolds by Stereolithography
29
support platform.
14. Solvent extraction is a critical step as the swelling effect may
damage or destroy the scaffolds. Consequently, acetone can be
substituted by ethanol. Nevertheless, purification of the scaffolds by solvent extraction must be done carefully and necessarily sequentially. Supernatant from the extraction steps
should be intensely orange-colored for the first steps and
completely clear for the last steps.
15. In this process, the conversion of reactive groups is usually
incomplete, and post-thermal curing (90
C for 5 h) is often
applied to convert unreacted methacrylate functions into the
polymer network.
16. Due to the formation of a chemical network during the building by SL, the solvent is present in the network, and therefore
the size of the 3D object changes upon drying. The sizes of the
designs should be adjusted to the diluent concentration in
order to give scaffolds with desired sizes after building, extracting, and drying.
References
1. Bartolo PJ (2011) Stereolithography: materials, processes and applications. Springer,
New-York, NY. ISBN 978-0-387-92904-0
2. Melchels FPW, Feijen J, Grijpma DW (2010) A
review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering. Biomaterials
31(24):6121–6130
3. Blanquer SBG, Werner M, Hannula M,
Sharifi S, Lajoinie GPR, Eglin D, Hyttinen J,
Poot AA, Grijpma DW (2017) Surface curvature in triply-periodic minimal surface architectures as a distinct design parameter in preparing
advanced tissue engineering scaffolds. Biofabrication 9(2):025001
4. Fischer W, Koch E (1987) On 3-periodic minimal-surfaces. Z Kristallogr 179(1–4):31–52
5. Schoen AH (2012) Reflections concerning
triply-periodic minimal surfaces. Interface
Focus 2(5):658–668
6. Hyde S, Andersson S, Larsson Z, Blum T,
Landh S, Lidin BW, Ninham BW (1997) The
language of shape: the role of curvature in
condensed matter: physics, chemistry and biology. Elsevier, Amsterdam
7. Mai YY, Eisenberg A (2012) Self-assembly of
block copolymers. Chem Soc Rev 41
(18):5969–5985
8. Angelova A, Angelov B, Mutafchieva R,
Lesieur S, Couvreur P (2011) Self-assembled
multicompartment liquid crystalline lipid carriers for protein, peptide, and nucleic acid drug
delivery. Acc Chem Res 44(2):147–156
9. Tenchov B, Koynova R (2012) Cubic phases in
membrane lipids. Eur Biophys J Biophys 41
(10):841–850
10. Urbas AM, Maldovan M, DeRege P, Thomas
EL (2002) Bicontinuous cubic block copolymer photonic crystals. Adv Mater 14
(24):1850–1853
11. Eriksson JC, Ljunggren S (1994) The mechanical surface-tension and stability of minimal
surface-structures. J Colloid Interface Sci 167
(2):227–231
12. Gandy PJF, Bardhan S, Mackay AL, Klinowski
J (2001) Nodal surface approximations to
the P, G, D and I-WP triply periodic minimal
surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 336(3–4):187–195
13. Mackay AL (1994) Periodic minimal-surfaces
from finite-element methods. Chem Phys Lett
221(3–4):317–321
14. Rumpler M, Woesz A, Dunlop JWC, van Dongen JT, Fratzl P (2008) The effect of geometry
on three-dimensional tissue growth. J R Soc
Interface 5(27):1173–1180
15. Werner M, Blanquer SBG, Haimi SP, Korus G,
Dunlop JWC, Duda GN, Grijpma DW, Petersen A (2017) Surface curvature differentially
regulates
stem
cell
migration
and
TPMS Scaffolds by Stereolithography
29