biomimetic external surfaces. This particular topological optimization scheme uses the surface boundaries to produce novel models
with different characteristics, which are different from the initial
μCT models, enabling to design valid biomimetic scaffold topologies for tissue engineering applications.
Considering bone tissue engineering applications, from the
obtained results, it is now possible to fabricate a bone tissue scaffold
based on the obtained designs. Once placed within the host, these
scaffolds will present a higher mechanical strength with higher
porosity allowing higher and quicker bone ingrowth within the
scaffold. Regarding the geometric aspect of the bone scaffold, its
enhanced geometric shape allows a better adaptation of the scaffold
toward the host tissue and also allows to transfer both stresses and
strains along the scaffold and bone for a higher osseointegration of
the bone scaffold.
Acknowledgments
The authors also wish to thank Prof. Anath Fischer from the
Technion University in Haifa for supplying the micro-CT data.
References
1. Rainer A, Giannitelli SM, Accoto D,
Porcellinis S, Guglielmelli E, Trombetta M
(2012) Load-adaptive scaffold architecturing:
a bioinspired approach to the design of porous
additively manufactured scaffolds with optimized mechanical properties. Ann Biomed
Eng 40(4):966–975
2. Cheah CM, Chua CK, Leong KF, Cheong CH,
Naing MW (2004) Automatic algorithm for
generating complex polyhedral scaffold structures for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng 10
(3–4):595–610
3. Hollister SJ (2005) Porous scaffold design for
tissue engineering. Nat Mater 4(7):518–524
4. Adachi T, Osako Y, Tanaka M, Hojo M, Hollister SJ (2006) Framework for optimal design
of porous scaffold microstructure by computational simulation of bone regeneration. Biomaterials 27(21):3964–3972
5. Bucklen B, Wettergreen W, Yuksel E, Liebschner M (2008) Bone-derived CAD library for
assembly of scaffolds in computer-aided tissue
engineering. Virtual Phys Prototyp 3(1):13–23
6. Naing MW, Chua CK, Leong KF (2008) Computer aided tissue engineering scaffold fabrication. In: Bidanda B, Ba ´rtolo PJ (eds) Virtual
Prototyping & Bio-Manufacturing in Medical
Applications. Springer, New York, NY
7. Lee TH (2007) Shape optimization. In: Arora
JS (ed) Optimisation of structural and mechanical Systems. World Scientific, Singapore
8. Hsu MH, Hsu YL (2005) Generalization of
two and three-dimensional structural topology
optimization. Eng Optim 37:83–102
9. Kruijf N, Zhou S, Li Q, Mai YW (2007) Topological design of structures and composite
materials with multiobjectives. Int J Solids
Struct 44(22–23):7092–7109
10. Rozvany GIN (2001) Aim, scope, methods,
history and unified terminology of computeraided topology optimization in structural
mechanics.
Struct
Multidiscipl
Optim
21:90–108
11. Podshivalov L, Fischer A, Bar-Yoseph PZ
(2008) Multi-scale finite-element analysis as a
base for 3D computerized virtual biopsy system. In: Halevi Y, Fischer A (eds) Proceedings
of the 9th biennial ASME conference on engineering systems design and analysis
(ESDA2008). American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, New York City
12. Podshivalov L, Fischer A, Bar-Yoseph PZ
(2009) Multiresolution geometric meshing
for multiscale finite element analysis of bone
micro-structures as a base for 3D computerized
virtual biopsy system. In: Ba ´rtolo PJ, et al.
Biomimetic Boundary-Based Scaffold Design
17
with different characteristics, which are different from the initial
μCT models, enabling to design valid biomimetic scaffold topologies for tissue engineering applications.
Considering bone tissue engineering applications, from the
obtained results, it is now possible to fabricate a bone tissue scaffold
based on the obtained designs. Once placed within the host, these
scaffolds will present a higher mechanical strength with higher
porosity allowing higher and quicker bone ingrowth within the
scaffold. Regarding the geometric aspect of the bone scaffold, its
enhanced geometric shape allows a better adaptation of the scaffold
toward the host tissue and also allows to transfer both stresses and
strains along the scaffold and bone for a higher osseointegration of
the bone scaffold.
Acknowledgments
The authors also wish to thank Prof. Anath Fischer from the
Technion University in Haifa for supplying the micro-CT data.
References
1. Rainer A, Giannitelli SM, Accoto D,
Porcellinis S, Guglielmelli E, Trombetta M
(2012) Load-adaptive scaffold architecturing:
a bioinspired approach to the design of porous
additively manufactured scaffolds with optimized mechanical properties. Ann Biomed
Eng 40(4):966–975
2. Cheah CM, Chua CK, Leong KF, Cheong CH,
Naing MW (2004) Automatic algorithm for
generating complex polyhedral scaffold structures for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng 10
(3–4):595–610
3. Hollister SJ (2005) Porous scaffold design for
tissue engineering. Nat Mater 4(7):518–524
4. Adachi T, Osako Y, Tanaka M, Hojo M, Hollister SJ (2006) Framework for optimal design
of porous scaffold microstructure by computational simulation of bone regeneration. Biomaterials 27(21):3964–3972
5. Bucklen B, Wettergreen W, Yuksel E, Liebschner M (2008) Bone-derived CAD library for
assembly of scaffolds in computer-aided tissue
engineering. Virtual Phys Prototyp 3(1):13–23
6. Naing MW, Chua CK, Leong KF (2008) Computer aided tissue engineering scaffold fabrication. In: Bidanda B, Ba ´rtolo PJ (eds) Virtual
Prototyping & Bio-Manufacturing in Medical
Applications. Springer, New York, NY
7. Lee TH (2007) Shape optimization. In: Arora
JS (ed) Optimisation of structural and mechanical Systems. World Scientific, Singapore
8. Hsu MH, Hsu YL (2005) Generalization of
two and three-dimensional structural topology
optimization. Eng Optim 37:83–102
9. Kruijf N, Zhou S, Li Q, Mai YW (2007) Topological design of structures and composite
materials with multiobjectives. Int J Solids
Struct 44(22–23):7092–7109
10. Rozvany GIN (2001) Aim, scope, methods,
history and unified terminology of computeraided topology optimization in structural
mechanics.
Struct
Multidiscipl
Optim
21:90–108
11. Podshivalov L, Fischer A, Bar-Yoseph PZ
(2008) Multi-scale finite-element analysis as a
base for 3D computerized virtual biopsy system. In: Halevi Y, Fischer A (eds) Proceedings
of the 9th biennial ASME conference on engineering systems design and analysis
(ESDA2008). American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, New York City
12. Podshivalov L, Fischer A, Bar-Yoseph PZ
(2009) Multiresolution geometric meshing
for multiscale finite element analysis of bone
micro-structures as a base for 3D computerized
virtual biopsy system. In: Ba ´rtolo PJ, et al.
Biomimetic Boundary-Based Scaffold Design
17