7. Printing parameters can be varied using different diameter
printing tips. The mentioned printing parameters are for a
0.35 mm diameter tip.
8. When it is not necessary to do a life and dead assay on the entire
construct, use sterile scalpels to cut off a small piece of the
construct, and transfer it into a new plate using sterile tweezers
before the staining protocol.
9. Alternatively, the nitrocellulose membrane can be placed on a
motorized z-stage, that can be programmatically lowered to
submerge the construct in the secondary crosslinking solution
while it is additively manufactured, as depicted in Fig. 1.
Acknowledgments
AGT acknowledges the scholarship support by Heriot-Watt University. DJC acknowledges the scholarship from Medical Research
Scotland.
References
1. Mironov V, Trusk T, Kasyanov V, Little S,
Swaja R, Markwald R (2009) Biofabrication: a
21st century manufacturing paradigm. Biofabrication 1(2):022001
2. Wang C, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Yao R, Li L, Sun W
(2014) Three-dimensional in vitro cancer
models: a short review. Biofabrication 6(2):
022001
3. Huang G, Wang L, Wang S, Han Y, Wu J,
Zhang Q, Xu F, Lu TJ (2012) Engineering
three-dimensional cell mechanical microenvironment with hydrogels. Biofabrication 4
(4):042001
4. Reiffel AJ, Kafka C, Hernandez KA, Popa S,
Perez JL, Zhou S, Pramanik S, Brown BN, Ryu
WS, Bonassar LJ, Spector JA (2013) Highfidelity tissue engineering of patient-specific
auricles for reconstruction of pediatric microtia
and other auricular deformities. PLoS One 8
(2):e56506
5. Boland T, Tao X, Damon BJ, Manley B,
Kesari P, Jalota S, Bhaduri S (2007) Drop-ondemand printing of cells and materials for
designer tissue constructs. Mater Sci Eng C
27(3):372–376
6. Hollister SJ (2005) Porous scaffold design for
tissue engineering. Nat Mater 4(7):518–524
7. Koch L, Deiwick A, Schlie S, Michael S,
Gruene M, Coger V, Zychlinski D,
Schambach A, Reimers K, Vogt PM, Chichkov
B (2012) Skin tissue generation by laser cell
printing.
Biotechnol
Bioeng
109
(7):1855–1863
8. Cui X, Boland T (2009) Human microvasculature fabrication using thermal inkjet printing
technology. Biomaterials 30(31):6221–6227
9. Shim J-H, Kim JY, Park M, Park J, Cho D-W
(2011) Development of a hybrid scaffold with
synthetic biomaterials and hydrogel using solid
freeform fabrication technology. Biofabrication
3(3):034102
10. Shim J-H, Lee J-S, Kim JY, Cho D-W (2012)
Bioprinting of a mechanically enhanced threedimensional dual cell-laden construct for
osteochondral tissue engineering using a
multi-head tissue/organ building system. J
Micromech Microeng 22(8):085014
11. Tabriz G, Hermida MA, Leslie N, Shu W
(2015) Three-dimensional bioprinting of complex cell laden alginate hydrogel structures.
Biofabrication 7(4):045012
12. Zhao Y, Yao R, Ouyang L, Ding H, Zhang T,
Zhang K, Cheng S, Sun W (2014) Threedimensional printing of Hela cells for cervical
tumor model in vitro. Biofabrication 6:035001
13. Liliang O, Rui Y, Shuangshuang M, Xi C,
Jie N, Wei S (2015) Three-dimensional bioprinting of embryonic stem cells directs highly
uniform embryoid body formation. Biofabrication 7:044101
148
Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz et al.
printing tips. The mentioned printing parameters are for a
0.35 mm diameter tip.
8. When it is not necessary to do a life and dead assay on the entire
construct, use sterile scalpels to cut off a small piece of the
construct, and transfer it into a new plate using sterile tweezers
before the staining protocol.
9. Alternatively, the nitrocellulose membrane can be placed on a
motorized z-stage, that can be programmatically lowered to
submerge the construct in the secondary crosslinking solution
while it is additively manufactured, as depicted in Fig. 1.
Acknowledgments
AGT acknowledges the scholarship support by Heriot-Watt University. DJC acknowledges the scholarship from Medical Research
Scotland.
References
1. Mironov V, Trusk T, Kasyanov V, Little S,
Swaja R, Markwald R (2009) Biofabrication: a
21st century manufacturing paradigm. Biofabrication 1(2):022001
2. Wang C, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Yao R, Li L, Sun W
(2014) Three-dimensional in vitro cancer
models: a short review. Biofabrication 6(2):
022001
3. Huang G, Wang L, Wang S, Han Y, Wu J,
Zhang Q, Xu F, Lu TJ (2012) Engineering
three-dimensional cell mechanical microenvironment with hydrogels. Biofabrication 4
(4):042001
4. Reiffel AJ, Kafka C, Hernandez KA, Popa S,
Perez JL, Zhou S, Pramanik S, Brown BN, Ryu
WS, Bonassar LJ, Spector JA (2013) Highfidelity tissue engineering of patient-specific
auricles for reconstruction of pediatric microtia
and other auricular deformities. PLoS One 8
(2):e56506
5. Boland T, Tao X, Damon BJ, Manley B,
Kesari P, Jalota S, Bhaduri S (2007) Drop-ondemand printing of cells and materials for
designer tissue constructs. Mater Sci Eng C
27(3):372–376
6. Hollister SJ (2005) Porous scaffold design for
tissue engineering. Nat Mater 4(7):518–524
7. Koch L, Deiwick A, Schlie S, Michael S,
Gruene M, Coger V, Zychlinski D,
Schambach A, Reimers K, Vogt PM, Chichkov
B (2012) Skin tissue generation by laser cell
printing.
Biotechnol
Bioeng
109
(7):1855–1863
8. Cui X, Boland T (2009) Human microvasculature fabrication using thermal inkjet printing
technology. Biomaterials 30(31):6221–6227
9. Shim J-H, Kim JY, Park M, Park J, Cho D-W
(2011) Development of a hybrid scaffold with
synthetic biomaterials and hydrogel using solid
freeform fabrication technology. Biofabrication
3(3):034102
10. Shim J-H, Lee J-S, Kim JY, Cho D-W (2012)
Bioprinting of a mechanically enhanced threedimensional dual cell-laden construct for
osteochondral tissue engineering using a
multi-head tissue/organ building system. J
Micromech Microeng 22(8):085014
11. Tabriz G, Hermida MA, Leslie N, Shu W
(2015) Three-dimensional bioprinting of complex cell laden alginate hydrogel structures.
Biofabrication 7(4):045012
12. Zhao Y, Yao R, Ouyang L, Ding H, Zhang T,
Zhang K, Cheng S, Sun W (2014) Threedimensional printing of Hela cells for cervical
tumor model in vitro. Biofabrication 6:035001
13. Liliang O, Rui Y, Shuangshuang M, Xi C,
Jie N, Wei S (2015) Three-dimensional bioprinting of embryonic stem cells directs highly
uniform embryoid body formation. Biofabrication 7:044101
148
Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz et al.