Synthesis of HA–Collagen and HA–Collagen–Alginate Nanocomposites
711
include alginate, which is a polysaccharide extracted from red, brown, and some
green algae.
1.2 Synthesis of HA and Its Composites
There are many synthesis methods of hydroxyapatite: precipitation from aqueous
solutions of salts (liquid-phase methods) [3–5], sol–gel [6], solid-phase synthesis [7],
hydrothermal method [8], and some others [9]. Particular attention should be paid
to methods that are capable of providing a synthesis of materials with specified and
constant characteristics and which are easy to implement. In our view, such methods
include the saccharine method of nanocrystalline HA powder producing. This method
is realized by the interaction of ammonium hydrophosphate with calcium saccharate
solutions [10]. The synthesis is described by the following chemical equation:
10CaC 12 H 20 O 11 + 6(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 + 3NH 4 OH →
→ Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 + H 2 O + 15NH 3 + 10C 12 H 22 O 11 .
This method makes it easy to obtain biocompatible nanoscale powders with
homogeneous morphology without the use of specialized equipment.
HA-based composites are obtained either in the form of ceramics reinforced with
HA particles or in the form of composites with polymers and HA particles [11].
Synthesis of composites with polymers (in particular, collagen) has recently become
increasingly in demand as they are able to get as close as possible to the chemical and morphological composition of bone tissue. Currently, intensive research is
being conducted on the choice of collagen type, the conditions of mineralization,
the porosity of the material, the parameters of HA synthesis, and its cross-linking in
the composite. Usage of sodium alginate as a polymer allows obtaining composites
in the form of capsules. Also, it was found that biocomposite materials based on
alginate and HA have high biocompatibility, good hydrophilicity, have no immunogenic properties, and capable of stimulating osteoplastic processes. The presence of
sodium alginate contributes to the formation of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite with
controlled nanosizes of crystallites [12].
Therefore, the purpose of this work was to create of the HA–collagen and HA–
collagen–alginate composites using the saccharine method and their characterization
by physical and chemical methods of analysis.
711
include alginate, which is a polysaccharide extracted from red, brown, and some
green algae.
1.2 Synthesis of HA and Its Composites
There are many synthesis methods of hydroxyapatite: precipitation from aqueous
solutions of salts (liquid-phase methods) [3–5], sol–gel [6], solid-phase synthesis [7],
hydrothermal method [8], and some others [9]. Particular attention should be paid
to methods that are capable of providing a synthesis of materials with specified and
constant characteristics and which are easy to implement. In our view, such methods
include the saccharine method of nanocrystalline HA powder producing. This method
is realized by the interaction of ammonium hydrophosphate with calcium saccharate
solutions [10]. The synthesis is described by the following chemical equation:
10CaC 12 H 20 O 11 + 6(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 + 3NH 4 OH →
→ Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 + H 2 O + 15NH 3 + 10C 12 H 22 O 11 .
This method makes it easy to obtain biocompatible nanoscale powders with
homogeneous morphology without the use of specialized equipment.
HA-based composites are obtained either in the form of ceramics reinforced with
HA particles or in the form of composites with polymers and HA particles [11].
Synthesis of composites with polymers (in particular, collagen) has recently become
increasingly in demand as they are able to get as close as possible to the chemical and morphological composition of bone tissue. Currently, intensive research is
being conducted on the choice of collagen type, the conditions of mineralization,
the porosity of the material, the parameters of HA synthesis, and its cross-linking in
the composite. Usage of sodium alginate as a polymer allows obtaining composites
in the form of capsules. Also, it was found that biocomposite materials based on
alginate and HA have high biocompatibility, good hydrophilicity, have no immunogenic properties, and capable of stimulating osteoplastic processes. The presence of
sodium alginate contributes to the formation of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite with
controlled nanosizes of crystallites [12].
Therefore, the purpose of this work was to create of the HA–collagen and HA–
collagen–alginate composites using the saccharine method and their characterization
by physical and chemical methods of analysis.