Composites Containing Inorganic Ion Exchangers …
95
stressed that oxide materials are related to the exclusive class of inorganic materials, which possess anion exchange ability. Moreover, nanoparticles can be formed
during precipitation from the sol of insoluble metal hydroxocomplexes [22]. Salts
of multivalent metal can be also used for synthesis of the support [23, 24]. Due
to mentioned remarkable properties, hydrated oxides are used for modifying some
functional materials: inorganic [22, 25, 26] or polymer [27] membranes for electrodialysis, polymer membranes for processing of wastes of beverage industry [28–30],
and ion exchange resins for sorption processes [31–33]. As found for ion exchange
polymers, less soluble hydrated zirconium oxide forms larger particles compared
with more soluble one, when deposition occurs under similar conditions [33].
Let us consider precipitation from sol of zirconium hydroxocomplexes [34], where
nanoparticles dominate [22]. The nanoparticles are consolidated to large formations.
A shape of primary nanoparticles is close to globular or elliptic (Fig. 1a).
Synthesis of GO-containing composites usually involves activation of GO suspension with ultrasound followed by adding the solution of metal salt or sol. Twocomponent material containing low amount of GO (about 2% relatively anhydrous
ZrO 2 ) shows more friable structure of the inorganic support compared with pure
Fig. 1 TEM images of hydrated zirconium dioxide (a) and its composite with GO (b−d). GO
nanosheets coat inorganic nanoparticles (b, c), or in aggregated form (d). Images (c, d) are adapted
from [15]
95
stressed that oxide materials are related to the exclusive class of inorganic materials, which possess anion exchange ability. Moreover, nanoparticles can be formed
during precipitation from the sol of insoluble metal hydroxocomplexes [22]. Salts
of multivalent metal can be also used for synthesis of the support [23, 24]. Due
to mentioned remarkable properties, hydrated oxides are used for modifying some
functional materials: inorganic [22, 25, 26] or polymer [27] membranes for electrodialysis, polymer membranes for processing of wastes of beverage industry [28–30],
and ion exchange resins for sorption processes [31–33]. As found for ion exchange
polymers, less soluble hydrated zirconium oxide forms larger particles compared
with more soluble one, when deposition occurs under similar conditions [33].
Let us consider precipitation from sol of zirconium hydroxocomplexes [34], where
nanoparticles dominate [22]. The nanoparticles are consolidated to large formations.
A shape of primary nanoparticles is close to globular or elliptic (Fig. 1a).
Synthesis of GO-containing composites usually involves activation of GO suspension with ultrasound followed by adding the solution of metal salt or sol. Twocomponent material containing low amount of GO (about 2% relatively anhydrous
ZrO 2 ) shows more friable structure of the inorganic support compared with pure
Fig. 1 TEM images of hydrated zirconium dioxide (a) and its composite with GO (b−d). GO
nanosheets coat inorganic nanoparticles (b, c), or in aggregated form (d). Images (c, d) are adapted
from [15]