Composites Containing Inorganic Ion
Exchangers and Graphene Oxide:
Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic and Sorption
Properties (Review)
Yuliya S. Dzyazko, Yurii M. Volfkovich, and Mary O. Chaban
1 Introduction
At the present time, two-dimensional materials are in a focus of attention due to a
wide spectrum of their functional properties and unique potential possibilities. A
number of inorganic compounds of this type are known: boron nitride, dichalcogenides of molybdenum and tungsten, chalcogenides of metals of III and IV groups,
silicenes, and germanenes [1]. Two-dimensional carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides
of transition metals belong to a special group, that is, so-called MXenes. They are
prospective for the development of supercapacitors, anodes for lithium batteries, and
antibacterial materials [2].
Among compounds of two-dimensional structure, graphenes and graphene-like
materials are most studied. Graphene is an allotrope modification of carbon, which
occupies a special position in the family of carbon materials: zero-dimensional
fullerenes, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, three-dimensional graphite, and
diamond. Graphenes are divided into two main types: graphene oxide (GO) and
reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are flakes of graphite. GO is characterized
by one-layer structure similar to rGO, i.e., the thickness of graphite-like flakes is
one atom (0.54 nm) [3, 4]. The bonds between carbon atoms are in a state of sp
2 -
hybridization. Carbon atoms form hexagonal two-dimensional honeycomb crystal
lattice by means of σ- and π-bonds; the lattice constant is 0.246 nm. Carbon materials
give sharp and narrow characteristic reflexes of ZRD patterns: at ≈26.4° (this reflex
corresponds to the interlayer distance of 0.337 nm) for graphite, and at ≈11.3°
Y. S. Dzyazko · M. O. Chaban (B)
VI Vernadskii Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Science
of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
e-mail: Mary.chaban@gmail.com
Y. M. Volfkovich
A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
O. Fesenko and L. Yatsenko (eds.), Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites,
Nanostructure Surfaces, and Their Applications, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 246, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51905-6_8
93
Exchangers and Graphene Oxide:
Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic and Sorption
Properties (Review)
Yuliya S. Dzyazko, Yurii M. Volfkovich, and Mary O. Chaban
1 Introduction
At the present time, two-dimensional materials are in a focus of attention due to a
wide spectrum of their functional properties and unique potential possibilities. A
number of inorganic compounds of this type are known: boron nitride, dichalcogenides of molybdenum and tungsten, chalcogenides of metals of III and IV groups,
silicenes, and germanenes [1]. Two-dimensional carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides
of transition metals belong to a special group, that is, so-called MXenes. They are
prospective for the development of supercapacitors, anodes for lithium batteries, and
antibacterial materials [2].
Among compounds of two-dimensional structure, graphenes and graphene-like
materials are most studied. Graphene is an allotrope modification of carbon, which
occupies a special position in the family of carbon materials: zero-dimensional
fullerenes, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, three-dimensional graphite, and
diamond. Graphenes are divided into two main types: graphene oxide (GO) and
reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are flakes of graphite. GO is characterized
by one-layer structure similar to rGO, i.e., the thickness of graphite-like flakes is
one atom (0.54 nm) [3, 4]. The bonds between carbon atoms are in a state of sp
2 -
hybridization. Carbon atoms form hexagonal two-dimensional honeycomb crystal
lattice by means of σ- and π-bonds; the lattice constant is 0.246 nm. Carbon materials
give sharp and narrow characteristic reflexes of ZRD patterns: at ≈26.4° (this reflex
corresponds to the interlayer distance of 0.337 nm) for graphite, and at ≈11.3°
Y. S. Dzyazko · M. O. Chaban (B)
VI Vernadskii Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Science
of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
e-mail: Mary.chaban@gmail.com
Y. M. Volfkovich
A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
O. Fesenko and L. Yatsenko (eds.), Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites,
Nanostructure Surfaces, and Their Applications, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 246, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51905-6_8
93