25
Caribbean, namely, a gap analysis commissioned
by UNICEF (Ogarro and Speek-Warney 2009).
No relevant literature is available on the vulnerability and exposure of youth to climate stressors
nor strategies for adaptation in SIDS so that present and future generations of youth can become
less vulnerable to the impact of Climate Change.
The focus on youth is missing, and this leaves
room for future work in the area of youth development and the effects of climate change on youths
in SIDS. The conceptual frameworks available
are not specifically designed to respond to this
issue; hence a gap exists in this area of research.
In addition, strategies and policies have not considered the youth perspective to CCA adequately,
and this needs to be reviewed urgently.
Due to the peculiarities and complexities of
utilising one approach over the other, there is a
need to use a hybrid approach, combining the
strengths of top-down and bottom-up approaches
to address CCA. The review applied academic
rigours by exploring appropriate human capital
strategies to enhance the capacity and resilience
of young people to adapt to the impact of climate
change on small island communities in the future.
The chapter concluded by presenting an analysis
of existing frameworks about their applicability
to the issue and presented a new conceptual
framework on youth climate change adaptation.
References
Abram N, Gattuso J-P, Prakash A, Cheng L, Chidichimo
MP, Crate S, Enomoto H, Garschagen M, Gruber N,
Harper S, Holland E, Kudela RM, Rice J, Steffen K,
von Schuckmann K (2019) Framing and context of the
report. In: Pörtner H-O, Roberts DC, Masson-Delmotte
V, Zhai P, Tignor M, Poloczanska E, Mintenbeck K,
Alegría A, Nicolai M, Okem A, Petzold J, Rama B,
Weyer NM (eds) IPCC special report on the ocean
and cryosphere in a changing climate. Available at:
https://www2.atmos.umd.edu/~dwi/papers/SROCC_
Fullreport_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 8 Sept 2020
Angelsen A, Larsen HO, Lund JF, Smith-Hall C, Wunder
S (2011) Measuring livelihoods and environmental
dependence; methods for research and fieldwork.
Earthscan, London
Benjamin L (2009) Climate change and the Caribbean
Small Island states: the state of play. Int J Bahamian
Stud 16:78–91. Available at: http://researchjournal.
cob.edu.bs
Bueno R, Herzfeld C, Stanton EA, Ackerman F (2008)
The Caribbean and climate change: the coast of inaction, Tufts University, USA
Calgaro E (2011) Building resilient tourism destination
futures in a world of uncertainty: assessing destination vulnerability in Khao Lak, Patong and Phi Don,
Thailand to the 2004 Tsunami|. Macquarie University
Research Online
Calgaro E, Dominey-Howes D, Lloyd K (2013)
Application of the Destination Sustainability
Framework to explore the drivers of vulnerability
and resilience in Thailand following the 2004 Indian
Ocean Tsunami. J Sustain Tour 22(3):361–383
CARIBSAVE (2012) The CARIBSAVE: Climate Change
Risk Atlas (CCCRA): climate change risk profile for
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Hastings, Barbados,
pp. viii. Available at: http://www.caribbeanclimate.
bz/closed-projects/2009-2011-the-caribsave-climatechange-risk-atlas-cccra. Accessed 30 Dec 2015
Carter R (2008) Caribbean youth: an integrated literature
review, Bridgetown, Barbados
CCCCC (2014) A vulnerability and capacity assessment
of the flood zone of Barbados. Caribbean Community
Centre for Climate Change and the Government of
Barbados, Caribbean Community Centre for Climate
Change, Belize
Chatenoux M, Wolf A (2013) Ecosystem-based
approaches for CCA in Caribbean SIDS
Commonwealth Secretariat (2007) The commonwealth
plan of action on youth empowerment 20072015.
Commonwealth Youth Programme, Commonwealth
Secretariat, London, UK
Crossly M, Sprague T (2014) Education for sustainable development: implementation for small island
developing states, Research Centre for International
and Comparative Studies (ICS), Education in Small
island Research Group, University of Bristol,
Graduate School of Education, International Journal
of Education Development, Elsevier, Bristol, United
Kingdom
DfID (1999) Sustainable livelihood Guiding Sheet:
framework. London. Department for International
Development.
The Economist (2017) Paradise lost How Hurricane Irma
will change the Caribbean: The region must adapt to
climate change, not simply rebuild. Print edition | The
Americas, Sep 14th 2017
Fieser E (2017) Irma is the Caribbean’s Most Expensive
Storm at $10 Billion and Counting. Bloomberg
Business. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/
news/articles/2017-0908/most-expensivestorm-everin-caribbean-did-10-billion-in-damage
Gomez O (2013) Climate change and migration: a review
of the literature. International Institute of the Social
Studies, The Hague (Erasmus University Rotterdam),
Rotterdam
References
Caribbean, namely, a gap analysis commissioned
by UNICEF (Ogarro and Speek-Warney 2009).
No relevant literature is available on the vulnerability and exposure of youth to climate stressors
nor strategies for adaptation in SIDS so that present and future generations of youth can become
less vulnerable to the impact of Climate Change.
The focus on youth is missing, and this leaves
room for future work in the area of youth development and the effects of climate change on youths
in SIDS. The conceptual frameworks available
are not specifically designed to respond to this
issue; hence a gap exists in this area of research.
In addition, strategies and policies have not considered the youth perspective to CCA adequately,
and this needs to be reviewed urgently.
Due to the peculiarities and complexities of
utilising one approach over the other, there is a
need to use a hybrid approach, combining the
strengths of top-down and bottom-up approaches
to address CCA. The review applied academic
rigours by exploring appropriate human capital
strategies to enhance the capacity and resilience
of young people to adapt to the impact of climate
change on small island communities in the future.
The chapter concluded by presenting an analysis
of existing frameworks about their applicability
to the issue and presented a new conceptual
framework on youth climate change adaptation.
References
Abram N, Gattuso J-P, Prakash A, Cheng L, Chidichimo
MP, Crate S, Enomoto H, Garschagen M, Gruber N,
Harper S, Holland E, Kudela RM, Rice J, Steffen K,
von Schuckmann K (2019) Framing and context of the
report. In: Pörtner H-O, Roberts DC, Masson-Delmotte
V, Zhai P, Tignor M, Poloczanska E, Mintenbeck K,
Alegría A, Nicolai M, Okem A, Petzold J, Rama B,
Weyer NM (eds) IPCC special report on the ocean
and cryosphere in a changing climate. Available at:
https://www2.atmos.umd.edu/~dwi/papers/SROCC_
Fullreport_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 8 Sept 2020
Angelsen A, Larsen HO, Lund JF, Smith-Hall C, Wunder
S (2011) Measuring livelihoods and environmental
dependence; methods for research and fieldwork.
Earthscan, London
Benjamin L (2009) Climate change and the Caribbean
Small Island states: the state of play. Int J Bahamian
Stud 16:78–91. Available at: http://researchjournal.
cob.edu.bs
Bueno R, Herzfeld C, Stanton EA, Ackerman F (2008)
The Caribbean and climate change: the coast of inaction, Tufts University, USA
Calgaro E (2011) Building resilient tourism destination
futures in a world of uncertainty: assessing destination vulnerability in Khao Lak, Patong and Phi Don,
Thailand to the 2004 Tsunami|. Macquarie University
Research Online
Calgaro E, Dominey-Howes D, Lloyd K (2013)
Application of the Destination Sustainability
Framework to explore the drivers of vulnerability
and resilience in Thailand following the 2004 Indian
Ocean Tsunami. J Sustain Tour 22(3):361–383
CARIBSAVE (2012) The CARIBSAVE: Climate Change
Risk Atlas (CCCRA): climate change risk profile for
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Hastings, Barbados,
pp. viii. Available at: http://www.caribbeanclimate.
bz/closed-projects/2009-2011-the-caribsave-climatechange-risk-atlas-cccra. Accessed 30 Dec 2015
Carter R (2008) Caribbean youth: an integrated literature
review, Bridgetown, Barbados
CCCCC (2014) A vulnerability and capacity assessment
of the flood zone of Barbados. Caribbean Community
Centre for Climate Change and the Government of
Barbados, Caribbean Community Centre for Climate
Change, Belize
Chatenoux M, Wolf A (2013) Ecosystem-based
approaches for CCA in Caribbean SIDS
Commonwealth Secretariat (2007) The commonwealth
plan of action on youth empowerment 20072015.
Commonwealth Youth Programme, Commonwealth
Secretariat, London, UK
Crossly M, Sprague T (2014) Education for sustainable development: implementation for small island
developing states, Research Centre for International
and Comparative Studies (ICS), Education in Small
island Research Group, University of Bristol,
Graduate School of Education, International Journal
of Education Development, Elsevier, Bristol, United
Kingdom
DfID (1999) Sustainable livelihood Guiding Sheet:
framework. London. Department for International
Development.
The Economist (2017) Paradise lost How Hurricane Irma
will change the Caribbean: The region must adapt to
climate change, not simply rebuild. Print edition | The
Americas, Sep 14th 2017
Fieser E (2017) Irma is the Caribbean’s Most Expensive
Storm at $10 Billion and Counting. Bloomberg
Business. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/
news/articles/2017-0908/most-expensivestorm-everin-caribbean-did-10-billion-in-damage
Gomez O (2013) Climate change and migration: a review
of the literature. International Institute of the Social
Studies, The Hague (Erasmus University Rotterdam),
Rotterdam
References