Chapter 26
Bifunctional Silicas with Immobilized
Lignin
Yulia Bolbukh, Stanislav Sevostianov, Beata Podkoscielna, Dariusz Sternik,
Panagiotis Klonos, Polycarpos Pissis, Barbara Gawdzik, and Valentin Tertykh
26.1 Introduction
In the recent time, most interest takes renewable sources as raw materials for many
practical applications. Lignin is a multi-tonal waste of pulp production. This natural
polymer determines the mechanical strength of wood. Softwood contains it in 18–
25 wt% and hardwood in 27–33 wt% [1]. Lignin is not an individual substance, but
a mixture of biopolymers with different structures is typical for different types of
wood. Generally, it is composed of three basic units: p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl
alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol [2]. It is an irregular network biopolymer that was
made up of oxidative coupling of the three major units linked by ether and carbon–
carbon bonds. Today, most of lignin is utilized as solid fuel for power plants, heating
boilers, fireplaces, etc. Meanwhile, lignin is a valuable chemical raw material used
to produce functional biopolymers, dispersants [3], sorbents [4, 5], and biologically
active additives. Unfortunately, the widespread uses of lignin as an available raw
material for the industry are limited by the properties of this polymer. Different from
most other natural polymers (such as cellulose and hemicellulose), lignin is difficult
to use for the preparation of composite materials without additional processing due
to its bond types and irregular linked ways.
Y. Bolbukh () · S. Sevostianov · V. Tertykh
Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
B. Podkoscielna · D. Sternik · B. Gawdzik
Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
e-mail: sternik@hektor.umcs.lublin.pl; barbara.gawdzik@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
P. Klonos · P. Pissis
Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
e-mail: ppissis@central.ntua.gr
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
O. Fesenko, L. Yatsenko (eds.), Nanochemistry, Biotechnology, Nanomaterials,
and Their Applications, Springer Proceedings in Physics 214,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92567-7_26
407
Bifunctional Silicas with Immobilized
Lignin
Yulia Bolbukh, Stanislav Sevostianov, Beata Podkoscielna, Dariusz Sternik,
Panagiotis Klonos, Polycarpos Pissis, Barbara Gawdzik, and Valentin Tertykh
26.1 Introduction
In the recent time, most interest takes renewable sources as raw materials for many
practical applications. Lignin is a multi-tonal waste of pulp production. This natural
polymer determines the mechanical strength of wood. Softwood contains it in 18–
25 wt% and hardwood in 27–33 wt% [1]. Lignin is not an individual substance, but
a mixture of biopolymers with different structures is typical for different types of
wood. Generally, it is composed of three basic units: p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl
alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol [2]. It is an irregular network biopolymer that was
made up of oxidative coupling of the three major units linked by ether and carbon–
carbon bonds. Today, most of lignin is utilized as solid fuel for power plants, heating
boilers, fireplaces, etc. Meanwhile, lignin is a valuable chemical raw material used
to produce functional biopolymers, dispersants [3], sorbents [4, 5], and biologically
active additives. Unfortunately, the widespread uses of lignin as an available raw
material for the industry are limited by the properties of this polymer. Different from
most other natural polymers (such as cellulose and hemicellulose), lignin is difficult
to use for the preparation of composite materials without additional processing due
to its bond types and irregular linked ways.
Y. Bolbukh () · S. Sevostianov · V. Tertykh
Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
B. Podkoscielna · D. Sternik · B. Gawdzik
Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
e-mail: sternik@hektor.umcs.lublin.pl; barbara.gawdzik@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
P. Klonos · P. Pissis
Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
e-mail: ppissis@central.ntua.gr
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
O. Fesenko, L. Yatsenko (eds.), Nanochemistry, Biotechnology, Nanomaterials,
and Their Applications, Springer Proceedings in Physics 214,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92567-7_26
407