22 The Nanocomposite Diffusion Coating of Details Prepared of Boriding
355
2. Application of connection: 90% of glue BF and 10% acetone in almost all cases
give a positive effect. Using other recipes connection causes coating sticking to
strengthening backcoat surface, or vice versa, by blowing them off on the stage
of heating by high-frequency current.
3. Being activators is the important role played by the following components of
the primary coating. Experiments have shown that they significantly affect the
thickness of boron layer. The most effective was NaF. Activators NaCl and Al 2 O 3
do not give the desired effect.
4. Use of high-frequency settings gives a positive result. This reduces the duration
of boriding to tens of seconds. This significantly increases the speed of heating,
providing fine-grained structure of steel of austenite. This structure increases the
penetration of boron diffusion in to the core metal and its strength as a whole.
Accelerating of heating rate and therefore heating exposure time allows to raise
the temperature of heating to 150–200 ◦ C without the threat of metal structure
change.
5. The greatest effect is achieved in unalloyed carbon steel that gives reduced cost
of parts, significantly improving their basic characteristics.
6. By adjusting the heating mode, it is possible to get nonsolid (“spotted”) boron
hardened layer that will work well in heavy wear (thickness of 200 microns and
microhardness of at least 9000 MPa). Wearing of the soft surface phase will be
more intensive that will create worn niches where grease and food deterioration
will be accumulated.
7. This method of strengthening makes it possible to strengthen when necessary
only the separate working surfaces of details, including the large parts.
8. The method is economical because the use of microwave heating provides fast
(tens of seconds) heating without requiring special training of details from
previous coating for protection against oxidation.
References
1. Casteletti LC, Lombardi AN, Totten GE (2013) Encyclopedia of tribology. Springer, New York,
pp 249–255
2. Kara R, Çolak F, Kayali Y (2016) Investigation of wear and adhesion behaviors of borided
steels. Trans Indian Inst Metals 69:1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0698-2
3. Rabeeh BM (2015) Ultra-fast boriding and surface hardening of low carbon steel. In: The
Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (eds) TMS 2015 144th annual meeting & exhibition,
Springer, Cham
4. Campos-Silva I, Bernabé-Molina S, Bravo-Bárcenas D et al (2016) Improving the adhesion
resistance of the boride coatings to AISI 316L steel substrate by diffusion annealing. J Mater
Eng Perform 25:3852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2201-6
5. Elias-Espinosa M, Ortiz-Domínguez M, Keddam M et al (2014) Growth kinetics of
the Fe 2 B layers and adhesion on Armco iron substrate. J Mater Eng Perform 23:2943.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1052-2
6. Azouani O, Keddam M, Allaoui O et al (2017) Characterization of boride coatings on a ductile
cast iron. Prot Met Phys Chem Surf 53:306. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207020511702006X
355
2. Application of connection: 90% of glue BF and 10% acetone in almost all cases
give a positive effect. Using other recipes connection causes coating sticking to
strengthening backcoat surface, or vice versa, by blowing them off on the stage
of heating by high-frequency current.
3. Being activators is the important role played by the following components of
the primary coating. Experiments have shown that they significantly affect the
thickness of boron layer. The most effective was NaF. Activators NaCl and Al 2 O 3
do not give the desired effect.
4. Use of high-frequency settings gives a positive result. This reduces the duration
of boriding to tens of seconds. This significantly increases the speed of heating,
providing fine-grained structure of steel of austenite. This structure increases the
penetration of boron diffusion in to the core metal and its strength as a whole.
Accelerating of heating rate and therefore heating exposure time allows to raise
the temperature of heating to 150–200 ◦ C without the threat of metal structure
change.
5. The greatest effect is achieved in unalloyed carbon steel that gives reduced cost
of parts, significantly improving their basic characteristics.
6. By adjusting the heating mode, it is possible to get nonsolid (“spotted”) boron
hardened layer that will work well in heavy wear (thickness of 200 microns and
microhardness of at least 9000 MPa). Wearing of the soft surface phase will be
more intensive that will create worn niches where grease and food deterioration
will be accumulated.
7. This method of strengthening makes it possible to strengthen when necessary
only the separate working surfaces of details, including the large parts.
8. The method is economical because the use of microwave heating provides fast
(tens of seconds) heating without requiring special training of details from
previous coating for protection against oxidation.
References
1. Casteletti LC, Lombardi AN, Totten GE (2013) Encyclopedia of tribology. Springer, New York,
pp 249–255
2. Kara R, Çolak F, Kayali Y (2016) Investigation of wear and adhesion behaviors of borided
steels. Trans Indian Inst Metals 69:1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0698-2
3. Rabeeh BM (2015) Ultra-fast boriding and surface hardening of low carbon steel. In: The
Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (eds) TMS 2015 144th annual meeting & exhibition,
Springer, Cham
4. Campos-Silva I, Bernabé-Molina S, Bravo-Bárcenas D et al (2016) Improving the adhesion
resistance of the boride coatings to AISI 316L steel substrate by diffusion annealing. J Mater
Eng Perform 25:3852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2201-6
5. Elias-Espinosa M, Ortiz-Domínguez M, Keddam M et al (2014) Growth kinetics of
the Fe 2 B layers and adhesion on Armco iron substrate. J Mater Eng Perform 23:2943.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1052-2
6. Azouani O, Keddam M, Allaoui O et al (2017) Characterization of boride coatings on a ductile
cast iron. Prot Met Phys Chem Surf 53:306. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207020511702006X