256
S. G. Nedilko
Possible contribution of transition-metal ions such as Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni,
and Ti remaining after normal preparation procedures to the cellulose PL was
studied under excitation of emission by power laser radiation of the cotton-derived
samples of cellulose [53]. We think that mentioned impurity impact on the cellulose
luminescence is negligible in the most cases, as the PL of mentioned ions is
quite specific. It concerns both the PL and excitation spectra-specific features and
luminescence decay, as well. That is why manifestations of their PL could be easily
found on the background of own cellulose luminescence. (See, for comparison our
earlier published data, [65–67].)
More information about properties of the cellulose fibers materials doped with
some luminescent inorganic can be found below.
15.3.2 Luminescence of the Cellulose Fibers Embedded
with Oxide Inorganic Compounds
The cellulose fibers contained in their structure-specific chemical luminescent
compounds can be effective modifiers of both textile products and paper documents
and those made of plastic [68]. They can also be helpful in management and control
of production and transport and storage of products (not only the textile ones) [52].
The process of cellulose fiber manufacturing makes it possible to modify them by
introducing materials of various chemical and physical properties and structure that
allow obtaining functional fibers with specific properties [52]. In this way cellulose
fibers with luminescent properties were obtained [68].
The new interest aroused last time in luminescent modifications of cellulose
fibers with three plus rare-earth ions (RE 3+ ) [49, 51, 52, 68]. Such materials have
been studied widely last decade owing to their interesting and important possible
application properties.
Complex inorganic oxides containing europium three plus ions, Eu 3+ , and doped
with polymers had been intensively studied before [69] (see also References noted
above in the Sect. 15.1). The nanosized zirconium oxide ZrO 2 (zirconia) that has
been used as a filler is also a very interesting compound due to its very important
own characteristic, and luminescent ones are among them [51, 70]. The tetragonal
structure of modifier was stabilized by 7 mol% of Y 2 O 3 . The concentration of Eu 3+
ions in this system was 0.5 mol% per ZrO 2 .
The luminescent properties of the modified man-made cellulose fibers were
monitored and then compared with the PL properties of pure cellulose fibers, as
well as with the PL properties of the modifier (see Figs. 15.3 and 15.4).
The PL data concerning pure components are consistent with the well-known
literature data, but if characteristics of complex system were observed, then
noticeable differences had been found. So, the excitation spectra of the doped
fibers monitored at the same wavelength are strongly different. The lines are much
broader and a wide maximum near around 240 nm was monitored. The spectral
S. G. Nedilko
Possible contribution of transition-metal ions such as Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni,
and Ti remaining after normal preparation procedures to the cellulose PL was
studied under excitation of emission by power laser radiation of the cotton-derived
samples of cellulose [53]. We think that mentioned impurity impact on the cellulose
luminescence is negligible in the most cases, as the PL of mentioned ions is
quite specific. It concerns both the PL and excitation spectra-specific features and
luminescence decay, as well. That is why manifestations of their PL could be easily
found on the background of own cellulose luminescence. (See, for comparison our
earlier published data, [65–67].)
More information about properties of the cellulose fibers materials doped with
some luminescent inorganic can be found below.
15.3.2 Luminescence of the Cellulose Fibers Embedded
with Oxide Inorganic Compounds
The cellulose fibers contained in their structure-specific chemical luminescent
compounds can be effective modifiers of both textile products and paper documents
and those made of plastic [68]. They can also be helpful in management and control
of production and transport and storage of products (not only the textile ones) [52].
The process of cellulose fiber manufacturing makes it possible to modify them by
introducing materials of various chemical and physical properties and structure that
allow obtaining functional fibers with specific properties [52]. In this way cellulose
fibers with luminescent properties were obtained [68].
The new interest aroused last time in luminescent modifications of cellulose
fibers with three plus rare-earth ions (RE 3+ ) [49, 51, 52, 68]. Such materials have
been studied widely last decade owing to their interesting and important possible
application properties.
Complex inorganic oxides containing europium three plus ions, Eu 3+ , and doped
with polymers had been intensively studied before [69] (see also References noted
above in the Sect. 15.1). The nanosized zirconium oxide ZrO 2 (zirconia) that has
been used as a filler is also a very interesting compound due to its very important
own characteristic, and luminescent ones are among them [51, 70]. The tetragonal
structure of modifier was stabilized by 7 mol% of Y 2 O 3 . The concentration of Eu 3+
ions in this system was 0.5 mol% per ZrO 2 .
The luminescent properties of the modified man-made cellulose fibers were
monitored and then compared with the PL properties of pure cellulose fibers, as
well as with the PL properties of the modifier (see Figs. 15.3 and 15.4).
The PL data concerning pure components are consistent with the well-known
literature data, but if characteristics of complex system were observed, then
noticeable differences had been found. So, the excitation spectra of the doped
fibers monitored at the same wavelength are strongly different. The lines are much
broader and a wide maximum near around 240 nm was monitored. The spectral