76
S. Kiran and D. R. Micheal
Table 5 Goodness-of-fit tests for wet season rainfall (stationwise)
Station
Distribution Log-likelihood AIC
BIC
Chi-square p value
Chungthang Gamma
−207.4741
418.9482 421.6828 0.0035
Log-normal −207.7508
419.5016 422.2361 0.0029
Normal
−207.1689
418.3378 421.0724 0.0047
Weibull
−207.2032
418.4064 421.1410 0.0054
Gangtok
Gamma
−203.2689
410.5379 413.2725 0.8629
Log-normal −203.5280
411.0559 413.7905 0.8433
Normal
−202.8809
409.7619 412.4965 0.8886
Weibull
−203.1738
410.3475 413.0821 0.7708
Mangan
Gamma
−139.0731
282.1461 284.0350 0.0377
Log-normal −139.0313
282.0626 283.9515 0.0318
Normal
−139.3142
282.6285 284.5174 0.0495
Weibull
−140.3603
284.7206 286.6095 0.0415
Thangu
Gamma
−131.8123
267.6246 269.6161 0.8196
Log-normal −133.2340
270.4679 272.4594 0.7179
Normal
−130.5003
265.0006 266.9921 0.8646
Weibull
−130.4424
264.8848 266.8762 0.8718
Table 6 Best-fit distribution for observation stations
Station
Annual
Dry season
Wet season
Chungthang
Normal
Weibull
Normal
Gangtok
Normal
Normal
Normal
Mangan
Log-normal
Weibull
Log-normal
Thangu
Weibull
Weibull
Weibull
References
1. Directorate of Census Operations, Sikkim: District census handbook, series 12, part XII-B,
Census of India 2011
2. CISHME (2006) Carrying capacity study of Teesta basin in Sikkim: Volume IV Water
Environment, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India
3. Tambe S, Kharel G, Arrawatia ML, Kulkarni H, Mahamuni K, Ganeriwala AK (2012) Reviving
dying springs: climate change adaptation experiments from the Sikkim Himalaya. Mt Res Dev
32(1):62–72. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1
4. Mahendra. P (2001) Lama: Sikkim human development report. Technical report Government
of Sikkim & Social Science Press, Delhi
5. Department of Science & Technology and Climate Change (2014) The Sikkim state action
plan on climate change, Government of Sikkim
6. Markovic RD (1965) Probability functions of best fit to distributions of annual precipitation
and runoff. Hydrology papers (Colorado State University), no 8
7. Chow VT, Maidment D, Mays L (2010) Applied hydrology. McGraw-Hill series in water
resources and environmental engineering. Tata McGraw-Hill Education
S. Kiran and D. R. Micheal
Table 5 Goodness-of-fit tests for wet season rainfall (stationwise)
Station
Distribution Log-likelihood AIC
BIC
Chi-square p value
Chungthang Gamma
−207.4741
418.9482 421.6828 0.0035
Log-normal −207.7508
419.5016 422.2361 0.0029
Normal
−207.1689
418.3378 421.0724 0.0047
Weibull
−207.2032
418.4064 421.1410 0.0054
Gangtok
Gamma
−203.2689
410.5379 413.2725 0.8629
Log-normal −203.5280
411.0559 413.7905 0.8433
Normal
−202.8809
409.7619 412.4965 0.8886
Weibull
−203.1738
410.3475 413.0821 0.7708
Mangan
Gamma
−139.0731
282.1461 284.0350 0.0377
Log-normal −139.0313
282.0626 283.9515 0.0318
Normal
−139.3142
282.6285 284.5174 0.0495
Weibull
−140.3603
284.7206 286.6095 0.0415
Thangu
Gamma
−131.8123
267.6246 269.6161 0.8196
Log-normal −133.2340
270.4679 272.4594 0.7179
Normal
−130.5003
265.0006 266.9921 0.8646
Weibull
−130.4424
264.8848 266.8762 0.8718
Table 6 Best-fit distribution for observation stations
Station
Annual
Dry season
Wet season
Chungthang
Normal
Weibull
Normal
Gangtok
Normal
Normal
Normal
Mangan
Log-normal
Weibull
Log-normal
Thangu
Weibull
Weibull
Weibull
References
1. Directorate of Census Operations, Sikkim: District census handbook, series 12, part XII-B,
Census of India 2011
2. CISHME (2006) Carrying capacity study of Teesta basin in Sikkim: Volume IV Water
Environment, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India
3. Tambe S, Kharel G, Arrawatia ML, Kulkarni H, Mahamuni K, Ganeriwala AK (2012) Reviving
dying springs: climate change adaptation experiments from the Sikkim Himalaya. Mt Res Dev
32(1):62–72. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1
4. Mahendra. P (2001) Lama: Sikkim human development report. Technical report Government
of Sikkim & Social Science Press, Delhi
5. Department of Science & Technology and Climate Change (2014) The Sikkim state action
plan on climate change, Government of Sikkim
6. Markovic RD (1965) Probability functions of best fit to distributions of annual precipitation
and runoff. Hydrology papers (Colorado State University), no 8
7. Chow VT, Maidment D, Mays L (2010) Applied hydrology. McGraw-Hill series in water
resources and environmental engineering. Tata McGraw-Hill Education