32
A. Deyasi and A. Sarkar
1 Introduction
Electromagnetic wave propagation inside photonic crystal [1] produces novel waveguiding feature in term of restricting a part of the spectrum and allowing the remaining
portion [2]; which can equivalently be treated as photonic filter [3]. This is due to the
fact that refractivity of the organizing materials has the periodic variation with space
coordinate along the direction of transmission inside the material array and behaves
like a Bragg grating structure [4]. Formation of photonic bandgap due to which the
alternate restriction and transmission of electromagnetic wave is possible; depends
on the optical properties of the constituent materials [5, 6], structural specifications
[7, 8], defect density in the materials [9, 10], angle of incidence (Banerjee et al.
2017; [11, 12]). The novel microstructure is already used in designing of photonic
crystal fiber [13, 14], optical transmitter [15], receiver [16], sensor [17], waveguide [18], quantum information processing [19], power device [20], switch [21],
communication applications [22, 23].
Various Bragg-grating type devices are analyzed for the study of photonic crystal
properties where structures may be 3D, 2D, or 1D, however, one-dimensional structure is investigated a lot [24–26] due to alleviate of mathematical intricacy and
available fabrication techniques. Research on 2D photonic crystal is rather complex
[10, 27], and 3D structure is rarely exhibited due to difficult in mathematical formulation and growth difficulty. In the last decade, several peer-review literatures are
made on the different aspects and properties of binary photonic crystal structure
(based on 1D structure) based on the theoretical and experimental findings. But very
less amount of work is conceded on tri-layer devices, probably due to complexity
in computation. It is established that better refractometric intelligence component
can be devised by ternary PhC [28] compared to any other known PhC formats. A
comparative analysis of transmission spectra between metallic and dielectric PhC is
analyzed recently [29]. Omnidirectional filter design using semiconductor material
is demonstrated recently [30]. Works on transmittance calculation of TPhC structure
are rarely available in literatures for optical communication range [31–33].
Theoretical works are already carried out for metamaterial-based binary structure [34, 35]. Defected BPhC is recently studied considering the point defects are
already available inside the structure during fabrication [36]. For measurement of
optical confinement, dispersion property of magnetic TPhC is calculated [37] in
recent past. For waveguiding in optical spectra, fractal photonic crystal is used [26]
as its transmission spectrum fits the purpose. Role of material properties have a
controllable effect on the transmittance profile as suggested by theoreticians, and
sawtooth profile variation of refractive indices of the materials [38] provides desired
response. Non-reciprocal effect in the ternary magnetized plasma PhC is exhibited
recently [39] in order to analyze the propagating wave characteristics. Based on some
omnidirectional reflection studies [40], OLED is constructed [41]. Using optimization approach, optimal filter design is recently possible [42]. For metal-dielectric
interface [43], TPhC is used to compute reflectance [4] for filter design purpose.
A. Deyasi and A. Sarkar
1 Introduction
Electromagnetic wave propagation inside photonic crystal [1] produces novel waveguiding feature in term of restricting a part of the spectrum and allowing the remaining
portion [2]; which can equivalently be treated as photonic filter [3]. This is due to the
fact that refractivity of the organizing materials has the periodic variation with space
coordinate along the direction of transmission inside the material array and behaves
like a Bragg grating structure [4]. Formation of photonic bandgap due to which the
alternate restriction and transmission of electromagnetic wave is possible; depends
on the optical properties of the constituent materials [5, 6], structural specifications
[7, 8], defect density in the materials [9, 10], angle of incidence (Banerjee et al.
2017; [11, 12]). The novel microstructure is already used in designing of photonic
crystal fiber [13, 14], optical transmitter [15], receiver [16], sensor [17], waveguide [18], quantum information processing [19], power device [20], switch [21],
communication applications [22, 23].
Various Bragg-grating type devices are analyzed for the study of photonic crystal
properties where structures may be 3D, 2D, or 1D, however, one-dimensional structure is investigated a lot [24–26] due to alleviate of mathematical intricacy and
available fabrication techniques. Research on 2D photonic crystal is rather complex
[10, 27], and 3D structure is rarely exhibited due to difficult in mathematical formulation and growth difficulty. In the last decade, several peer-review literatures are
made on the different aspects and properties of binary photonic crystal structure
(based on 1D structure) based on the theoretical and experimental findings. But very
less amount of work is conceded on tri-layer devices, probably due to complexity
in computation. It is established that better refractometric intelligence component
can be devised by ternary PhC [28] compared to any other known PhC formats. A
comparative analysis of transmission spectra between metallic and dielectric PhC is
analyzed recently [29]. Omnidirectional filter design using semiconductor material
is demonstrated recently [30]. Works on transmittance calculation of TPhC structure
are rarely available in literatures for optical communication range [31–33].
Theoretical works are already carried out for metamaterial-based binary structure [34, 35]. Defected BPhC is recently studied considering the point defects are
already available inside the structure during fabrication [36]. For measurement of
optical confinement, dispersion property of magnetic TPhC is calculated [37] in
recent past. For waveguiding in optical spectra, fractal photonic crystal is used [26]
as its transmission spectrum fits the purpose. Role of material properties have a
controllable effect on the transmittance profile as suggested by theoreticians, and
sawtooth profile variation of refractive indices of the materials [38] provides desired
response. Non-reciprocal effect in the ternary magnetized plasma PhC is exhibited
recently [39] in order to analyze the propagating wave characteristics. Based on some
omnidirectional reflection studies [40], OLED is constructed [41]. Using optimization approach, optimal filter design is recently possible [42]. For metal-dielectric
interface [43], TPhC is used to compute reflectance [4] for filter design purpose.