699
economic gains are in terms of easy and free availability of water hyacinth in river
and lakes, and usability product of one process as raw material for other.
6 Conclusions
Though considered as a major source of waste-generating material, water hyacinth
can be successfully employed for a variety of applications like a source of phytochemicals, alcohol, sorbents, fuel, material and others. Lipophilic extracts of
Eichhornia crassipes roots, stalks, leaves and flowers contain the compounds like
sterol, fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols and aromatic compounds. Polar
extractives have shown the presence of phenolic components and very strong antioxidant activity. Shikimic acid, from fatty acid family, is one of the important compounds found in water hyacinth, and higher yield was obtained from aerial parts of
water hyacinth. Thus, if water hyacinth is utilized cautiously, it can become the
useful source for various chemicals and fuels and bolster the circular economy. The
research on water hyacinth to useful products has been developed only on academic
basis, and no technologies have been developed on commercial scale. There is a
need to commercialize various application routes of this weed to useful products for
sustainable and economic development.
References
1. Amulya K, Dahiya S, Venkata Mohan S (2016) Building a bio-based economy through waste
remediation. Bioremediat Bioecon 2016:497–521
2. Nizami AS, Rehan M, Waqas M (2017) Waste biorefineries: enabling circular economies in
developing countries. Bioresour Technol 241:1101–1117
3. Maina S, Kachrimanidou V, Koutinas A (2017) A roadmap towards a circular and sustainable
bioeconomy through waste valorization. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 8:18–23
4. Thi NBD, Kumar G, Lin CY (2015) An overview of food waste management in developing
countries: current status and future perspective. J Environ Manage 157:220–229
5. Moncada BJ, Aristizábal MV, Cardona ACA (2016) Design strategies for sustainable biorefineries. Biochem Eng J 116:122–134
6. Naik SN, Goud VV, Rout PK et al (2010) Production of first and second generation bioenergy:
a comprehensive review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14:578–597
7. Ismail IMI, Nizami AS (2016) Waste-based biorefineries in developing countries an imperative
need of time. Paper presented at The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering: 14th international environmental specialty conference in London, ON, 1–4 June
8. Ouda OKM, Raza SA, Nizami AS et al (2016) Waste to energy potential: a case study of Saudi
Arabia. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 61:328–340
9. Guna V, Ilangovan M, Anantha Prasad MG et al (2017) Water hyacinth: a unique source for
sustainable materials and products. Sustain Chem Eng 5:4478–4490
10. Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A (2017) Water hyacinth a potential source for value addition: an
overview. Bioresour Technol 230:152–162
Waste Valorization of Water Hyacinth Using Biorefinery Approach: A Sustainable Route
economic gains are in terms of easy and free availability of water hyacinth in river
and lakes, and usability product of one process as raw material for other.
6 Conclusions
Though considered as a major source of waste-generating material, water hyacinth
can be successfully employed for a variety of applications like a source of phytochemicals, alcohol, sorbents, fuel, material and others. Lipophilic extracts of
Eichhornia crassipes roots, stalks, leaves and flowers contain the compounds like
sterol, fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols and aromatic compounds. Polar
extractives have shown the presence of phenolic components and very strong antioxidant activity. Shikimic acid, from fatty acid family, is one of the important compounds found in water hyacinth, and higher yield was obtained from aerial parts of
water hyacinth. Thus, if water hyacinth is utilized cautiously, it can become the
useful source for various chemicals and fuels and bolster the circular economy. The
research on water hyacinth to useful products has been developed only on academic
basis, and no technologies have been developed on commercial scale. There is a
need to commercialize various application routes of this weed to useful products for
sustainable and economic development.
References
1. Amulya K, Dahiya S, Venkata Mohan S (2016) Building a bio-based economy through waste
remediation. Bioremediat Bioecon 2016:497–521
2. Nizami AS, Rehan M, Waqas M (2017) Waste biorefineries: enabling circular economies in
developing countries. Bioresour Technol 241:1101–1117
3. Maina S, Kachrimanidou V, Koutinas A (2017) A roadmap towards a circular and sustainable
bioeconomy through waste valorization. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 8:18–23
4. Thi NBD, Kumar G, Lin CY (2015) An overview of food waste management in developing
countries: current status and future perspective. J Environ Manage 157:220–229
5. Moncada BJ, Aristizábal MV, Cardona ACA (2016) Design strategies for sustainable biorefineries. Biochem Eng J 116:122–134
6. Naik SN, Goud VV, Rout PK et al (2010) Production of first and second generation bioenergy:
a comprehensive review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14:578–597
7. Ismail IMI, Nizami AS (2016) Waste-based biorefineries in developing countries an imperative
need of time. Paper presented at The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering: 14th international environmental specialty conference in London, ON, 1–4 June
8. Ouda OKM, Raza SA, Nizami AS et al (2016) Waste to energy potential: a case study of Saudi
Arabia. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 61:328–340
9. Guna V, Ilangovan M, Anantha Prasad MG et al (2017) Water hyacinth: a unique source for
sustainable materials and products. Sustain Chem Eng 5:4478–4490
10. Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A (2017) Water hyacinth a potential source for value addition: an
overview. Bioresour Technol 230:152–162
Waste Valorization of Water Hyacinth Using Biorefinery Approach: A Sustainable Route