687
Table 3 Water hyacinth as a source of fuel
Sr.
no.
Raw
material
Microorganism/
inoculum
Parameters
Results
References
Bioethanol
1. Water
hyacinth
Aspergillus
terreus F-98
Candida
tropicalis
(fungus)
Acid hydrolysis
with H 2 SO 4 :
Temperature,
119.27 °C
Time, 16.11 min
Biomass amount,
7.56% (w/v)
H 2 SO 4
concentration,
4.66% (v/v)
Chemical
hydrolysis with
H 2 SO 4 , HCl,
NaOH and KOH:
Autoclave
temperature,
121 °C
Time, 20 min
Biomass amount,
4 g
Fungal hydrolysis:
Autoclave
temperature,
121 °C
Incubation
temperature,
30 °C
Autoclave Time,
20 min
Incubation time,
10 days
Biomass amount,
4 g
Bioethanol
production (batch
fermenter):
Temperature,
30 °C
Time, 60 h
pH, 5.5
Bioethanol production,
14 g/L
Madian
et al. [28]
(continued)
Waste Valorization of Water Hyacinth Using Biorefinery Approach: A Sustainable Route