595
catalysts. For example, a type H3 hysteresis is observed in structures with slit-like
pores. Several computational models are used to calculate textural characteristics of
the mesoporous catalysts. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation from the
adsorption isotherm is the most widely accepted model to calculate the surface area,
while the nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda
(BJH) are the most popular models for quantification of the pore size and its
distribution.
Table 1 shows the N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis results of selected
catalysts with mesoporous supports.
Eswaramoorthi and Dalai [61] studied mesoporous silica (SBA-15)-supported
Pd-Zn catalyst for MSR. Hydrothermal and conventional impregnation methods
were used for the synthesis of the mesoporous support and catalyst. The N 2
adsorption- desorption isotherm of support and catalyst are type IV in nature as per
IUPAC classification and exhibit H1-type hysteresis loop. This type of hysteresis
loop is characteristic of large-pore mesoporous materials with narrow-pore size distribution [67]. They also observed that capillary condensation occurred due to sharp
inflection in the relative pressure (P/P 0 ) between 0.6 and 0.7. Mesoporous Cu-CeO 2 -
ZrO 2 support was prepared by nanocasting method using MCM-48 as template [62].
The specific surface area decreases with the incorporation of Cu because it blocks
Table 1 N 2 adsorption-desorption analysis results of different mesoporous supported catalysts
Catalysts
Metals
(wt%)
BET surface
area (m
2 /g)
Average pore
diameter (nm)
Pore volume
(cc/g)
References
SBA-15
–
818
10.3
1.85
[61]
Pd-Zn/SBA-15
Pd (4.5)
Zn (6.75)
524
10.07
1.13
[61]
CeO 2 -ZrO 2
–
260
–
–
[62]
Cu-Ce 0.75 Zr 0.25 O 2 Cu (9)
165
–
–
[62]
MCM-41
–
1039.2
3.2
0.75
[33]
Cu-MCM-41
Cu (10)
795.7
3.7
0.62
[33]
KIT-6
–
703
5.95
0.91
[63]
Ce-Cu/KIT-6
(CT)
Cu (10)
Ce (2)
560
5.28
0.71
[63]
Al 2 O 3
–
338
4.7
0.43
[64]
Pd-Zn/Al 2 O 3
Pd (2)
Zn (20)
245
3.9
0.31
[64]
TiO 2
–
146.6
3.59
0.71
[65]
Pd-TiO 2
Pd (10)
99.7
3.32
0.081
[65]
SBA-15
–
767.4
4.1
0.8218
[66]
CuZnCeZrSBA- 15
Cu (10)
Ce (2)
Zr (2)
Zn (5)
523.6
4.3
0.5527
[66]
MCM-41
–
1039.2
3.3
0.75
[34]
Cu-MCM-41
Cu (15)
662.4
3.78
0.62
[34]
Steam Reforming of Methanol, Ethanol and Glycerol over Catalysts with Mesoporous…
catalysts. For example, a type H3 hysteresis is observed in structures with slit-like
pores. Several computational models are used to calculate textural characteristics of
the mesoporous catalysts. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation from the
adsorption isotherm is the most widely accepted model to calculate the surface area,
while the nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda
(BJH) are the most popular models for quantification of the pore size and its
distribution.
Table 1 shows the N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis results of selected
catalysts with mesoporous supports.
Eswaramoorthi and Dalai [61] studied mesoporous silica (SBA-15)-supported
Pd-Zn catalyst for MSR. Hydrothermal and conventional impregnation methods
were used for the synthesis of the mesoporous support and catalyst. The N 2
adsorption- desorption isotherm of support and catalyst are type IV in nature as per
IUPAC classification and exhibit H1-type hysteresis loop. This type of hysteresis
loop is characteristic of large-pore mesoporous materials with narrow-pore size distribution [67]. They also observed that capillary condensation occurred due to sharp
inflection in the relative pressure (P/P 0 ) between 0.6 and 0.7. Mesoporous Cu-CeO 2 -
ZrO 2 support was prepared by nanocasting method using MCM-48 as template [62].
The specific surface area decreases with the incorporation of Cu because it blocks
Table 1 N 2 adsorption-desorption analysis results of different mesoporous supported catalysts
Catalysts
Metals
(wt%)
BET surface
area (m
2 /g)
Average pore
diameter (nm)
Pore volume
(cc/g)
References
SBA-15
–
818
10.3
1.85
[61]
Pd-Zn/SBA-15
Pd (4.5)
Zn (6.75)
524
10.07
1.13
[61]
CeO 2 -ZrO 2
–
260
–
–
[62]
Cu-Ce 0.75 Zr 0.25 O 2 Cu (9)
165
–
–
[62]
MCM-41
–
1039.2
3.2
0.75
[33]
Cu-MCM-41
Cu (10)
795.7
3.7
0.62
[33]
KIT-6
–
703
5.95
0.91
[63]
Ce-Cu/KIT-6
(CT)
Cu (10)
Ce (2)
560
5.28
0.71
[63]
Al 2 O 3
–
338
4.7
0.43
[64]
Pd-Zn/Al 2 O 3
Pd (2)
Zn (20)
245
3.9
0.31
[64]
TiO 2
–
146.6
3.59
0.71
[65]
Pd-TiO 2
Pd (10)
99.7
3.32
0.081
[65]
SBA-15
–
767.4
4.1
0.8218
[66]
CuZnCeZrSBA- 15
Cu (10)
Ce (2)
Zr (2)
Zn (5)
523.6
4.3
0.5527
[66]
MCM-41
–
1039.2
3.3
0.75
[34]
Cu-MCM-41
Cu (15)
662.4
3.78
0.62
[34]
Steam Reforming of Methanol, Ethanol and Glycerol over Catalysts with Mesoporous…