481
Table 4 Performance catalysts in the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid as reported in literature
Catalyst
Temperature (°C) Time (h)
Gly: AcOH Conversion (%)
Selectivity (%)
Reference
MAG
DAG
TAG
Ar-SBA-15
125
4
1:9
90
15
85
[144]
Amberlyst-35
105
4
1:6
100
49.1
25.9
25.0
[142]
SBAH- 15(15)
110
3
1:6
100
14
67
19
[145]
MP-TaMCF
150
4
1:9
91
13
53
34
[146]
Amberlyst-70
105
10
1:6
100
0
9.4
85.4
[147]
SCZ
120
1
1:6
100
25.8
57.7
16.5
[148]
HSiW/ZrO
2
120
4
1:10
100
6.4
61.3
32.3
[149]
Ag
1 PW
120
15 min
1:10
96.8
48.4
46.4
5.2
[150]
TPA
3 /MCM- 41
100
6
1:6
87
25
60
15
[138]
MTZ
120
3
1:6
100
52.03
40.45
7.52
[151]
Carbon catalyst
110
3
1:3
99
12
88
[152]
3%Y/SBA-3
110
2.5
1:4
100
11
34
55
[153]
AC-SA5
120
3
1:8
91
38
28
34
[154]
Sulphonated carbon Catalyst
120
2
1:5
98.4
32.8
54.5
12.7
[155]
MP(5)/NbSBA- 15-32
150
4
1:9
94
11
51
38
[156]
GO
120
1
1:10
98.5
15.5
60
24.5
[157]
Sb
2 O
5
120
1
1:6
96.8
33.2
54.2
12.6
[158]
SHTC
115
10
1:9
98
5
38
57
[159]
[(HSO3- P)
2 im][HSO
4 ]
100
1:8
30 min
95
43.1
51.4
5.5
[160]
Cs-PWA
85
2
1:8
98
27
58
15
[161]
PW-in-S2
120
7
1:16
87
36
59
4
[141]
[H- NMP][H-SO
4 ]
100
30 min
1:6
99
20.8
60.3
18.9
[162]
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass-Derived Glycerol to Value-Added Chemicals