442
6.1 Conversion of Carbohydrates to HMF over Modified
Heteropoly Acid Catalysts
Carbohydrates derived from biomass are the platform compounds to derive fine
chemical and fuel additives. These are the starting compounds in realization of biomass valorization. Glucose and fructose are the main compounds used as feed to
prepare many desired commodity chemicals. In the recent past, dehydration of fructose to HMF reaction has been studied using mineral and organic acids [48, 49].
HMF yields which varied from 24 to 97% were attained over these acids. Recently,
solid catalysts with both Bronsted and Lewis acidity have been significantly used
for the preparation of HMF from fructose.
Modified HPA catalysts are explored as solid catalysts for conversion of carbohydrates. Heteropoly acid salts Cs-exchanged heteropoly tungstate [50] and
Fig. 10 Schematic representation of supported HPAs
Fig. 11 HMF conversion to fuels/value-added chemicals
B. S. Rao et al.
6.1 Conversion of Carbohydrates to HMF over Modified
Heteropoly Acid Catalysts
Carbohydrates derived from biomass are the platform compounds to derive fine
chemical and fuel additives. These are the starting compounds in realization of biomass valorization. Glucose and fructose are the main compounds used as feed to
prepare many desired commodity chemicals. In the recent past, dehydration of fructose to HMF reaction has been studied using mineral and organic acids [48, 49].
HMF yields which varied from 24 to 97% were attained over these acids. Recently,
solid catalysts with both Bronsted and Lewis acidity have been significantly used
for the preparation of HMF from fructose.
Modified HPA catalysts are explored as solid catalysts for conversion of carbohydrates. Heteropoly acid salts Cs-exchanged heteropoly tungstate [50] and
Fig. 10 Schematic representation of supported HPAs
Fig. 11 HMF conversion to fuels/value-added chemicals
B. S. Rao et al.