267
(c) Preparation of the suitable catalysts based on their acidity/basicity, operating
conditions, reusability, shape of catalyst particle, metal interaction, etc.
(d) As the product of lignocellulosic biomass is a complex one, novel reactor and
separators should be developed. Process intensification to reduce waste and
maximize product and energy efficiency will lead to an economically
feasible design.
References
1. Jahirul MI, Rasul MG, Chowdhury AA, Ashwath N (2012) Biofuels production through
biomass pyrolysis—a technological review. Energies 5:4952–5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/
en5124952
2. Sudarsanam P, Peeters E, Makshina EV, Parvulescu VI, Sels BF (2019) Advances in porous
and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion. Chem Soc Rev 48:2366–2421. https://
doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00452h
3. Bauen A, Berndes G, Junginger M, Londo M, Vuille F (2009) Bioenergy—a sustainable and
reliable energy source—a review of status and prospects. IEA Bioenergy:1–108
4. Global Bioenergy Statistics (2019) World Bioenergy Association 2019, p 58
5. Sudarsanam P, Zhong R, Van Den Bosch S, Coman SM, Parvulescu VI et al (2018)
Functionalised heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable biomass valorisation. Chem Soc Rev
47:8349–8402. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00410B
6. Alonso DM, Wettstein SG, Dumesic JA (2012) Bimetallic catalysts for upgrading of biomass
to fuels and chemicals. Chem Soc Rev 41:8075–8098. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35188a
7. Amin MH, Sudarsanam P, Field MR, Patel J, Bhargava SK (2017) Effect of a swelling
agent on the performance of Ni/Porous Silica catalyst for CH4-CO2 reforming. Langmuir
33:10632–10644. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02753
8. Fernando S, Adhikari S, Chandrapal C, Murali N (2006) Biorefineries: current status, challenges,
and future direction. Energy Fuel 20:1727–1737. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060097w
9. Zhou C, Xia X, Lin C, Tong D, Beltramini J (2011) Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic
biomass to fine chemicals and fuels. Chem Soc Rev 40:5588–5617. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c1cs15124j
10. Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ, Stroeve P (2009) Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind Eng Chem Res
48:3713–3729. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801542g
11. Cheng S, DCruz I, Wang M, Leitch M, Xu C (2010) Highly efficient liquefaction of woody
biomass in hot-compressed alcohol-water co-solvents. Energy Fuel 24:4659–4667. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ef901218w
12. Han J, Kim H (2008) The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification
/ pyrolysis: an overview. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 12:397–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2006.07.015
13. Dobele G, Rossinskaja G, Dizhbite T, Telysheva G, Meier D, Faix O (2005) Application of
catalysts for obtaining 1, 6-anhydrosaccharides from cellulose and wood by fast pyrolysis. J
Anal Appl Pyrolysis 74:401–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2004.11.031
14. Kawamoto H, Saito S, Hatanaka W, Saka S (2007) Catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose in sulfolane with some acidic catalysts. J Wood Sci 53:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10086- 006- 0835- y
15. Chen MQ, Wang J, Zhang MX, Chen MG, Zhu XF, Min FF et al (2008) Catalytic effects of
eight inorganic additives on pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust by microwave heating. J Anal
Appl Pyrolysis 82:145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2008.03.001
Sustainability of the Catalytic Process for Biomass Conversion: Recent Trends and…
(c) Preparation of the suitable catalysts based on their acidity/basicity, operating
conditions, reusability, shape of catalyst particle, metal interaction, etc.
(d) As the product of lignocellulosic biomass is a complex one, novel reactor and
separators should be developed. Process intensification to reduce waste and
maximize product and energy efficiency will lead to an economically
feasible design.
References
1. Jahirul MI, Rasul MG, Chowdhury AA, Ashwath N (2012) Biofuels production through
biomass pyrolysis—a technological review. Energies 5:4952–5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/
en5124952
2. Sudarsanam P, Peeters E, Makshina EV, Parvulescu VI, Sels BF (2019) Advances in porous
and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion. Chem Soc Rev 48:2366–2421. https://
doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00452h
3. Bauen A, Berndes G, Junginger M, Londo M, Vuille F (2009) Bioenergy—a sustainable and
reliable energy source—a review of status and prospects. IEA Bioenergy:1–108
4. Global Bioenergy Statistics (2019) World Bioenergy Association 2019, p 58
5. Sudarsanam P, Zhong R, Van Den Bosch S, Coman SM, Parvulescu VI et al (2018)
Functionalised heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable biomass valorisation. Chem Soc Rev
47:8349–8402. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00410B
6. Alonso DM, Wettstein SG, Dumesic JA (2012) Bimetallic catalysts for upgrading of biomass
to fuels and chemicals. Chem Soc Rev 41:8075–8098. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35188a
7. Amin MH, Sudarsanam P, Field MR, Patel J, Bhargava SK (2017) Effect of a swelling
agent on the performance of Ni/Porous Silica catalyst for CH4-CO2 reforming. Langmuir
33:10632–10644. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02753
8. Fernando S, Adhikari S, Chandrapal C, Murali N (2006) Biorefineries: current status, challenges,
and future direction. Energy Fuel 20:1727–1737. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060097w
9. Zhou C, Xia X, Lin C, Tong D, Beltramini J (2011) Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic
biomass to fine chemicals and fuels. Chem Soc Rev 40:5588–5617. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c1cs15124j
10. Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ, Stroeve P (2009) Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind Eng Chem Res
48:3713–3729. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801542g
11. Cheng S, DCruz I, Wang M, Leitch M, Xu C (2010) Highly efficient liquefaction of woody
biomass in hot-compressed alcohol-water co-solvents. Energy Fuel 24:4659–4667. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ef901218w
12. Han J, Kim H (2008) The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification
/ pyrolysis: an overview. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 12:397–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2006.07.015
13. Dobele G, Rossinskaja G, Dizhbite T, Telysheva G, Meier D, Faix O (2005) Application of
catalysts for obtaining 1, 6-anhydrosaccharides from cellulose and wood by fast pyrolysis. J
Anal Appl Pyrolysis 74:401–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2004.11.031
14. Kawamoto H, Saito S, Hatanaka W, Saka S (2007) Catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose in sulfolane with some acidic catalysts. J Wood Sci 53:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10086- 006- 0835- y
15. Chen MQ, Wang J, Zhang MX, Chen MG, Zhu XF, Min FF et al (2008) Catalytic effects of
eight inorganic additives on pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust by microwave heating. J Anal
Appl Pyrolysis 82:145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2008.03.001
Sustainability of the Catalytic Process for Biomass Conversion: Recent Trends and…