207
24. Agarwal M, Singh K, Upadhyaya S, Chaurasia SP (2012) Potential vegetable oils of Indian
origin as biodiesel feedstock—an experimental study. Journal of Scientific and Industrial
Research (India) 71:285–289
25. Hussain Z, Haider Mohammad B, Kumar R (2016) Usagespecific biodiesel production with
and without catalytic booster. Mater Today Proc 3:4115–4120
26. Stavarache C, Vinatoru M, Nishimura R, Maeda Y (2005) Fatty acids methyl esters from vegetable oil by means of ultrasonic energy. Ultrason Sonochem 12:367–372
27. Phan AN, Phan TM (2008) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils. Fuel 87:3490–3496
28. Guan Q, Shang H, Liu J, Gu J, Li B, Miao R, Chen Q, Ning P (2016) Biodiesel from transesterification at low temperature by AlCl 3 catalysis in ethanol and carbon dioxide as cosolvent:
process, mechanism and application. Appl Energy 164:380–386
29. Talebian-Kiakalaieh A, Amin NAS, Mazaheri H (2013) A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Appl Energy 104:683–710
30. Meher L, Vidyasagar D, Naik S (2006) Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 10:248–268
31. Vijaya Lakshmi C, Viswanath K, Venkateshwar S, Satyavathi B (2011) Mixing characteristics
of the oil-methanol system in the production of biodiesel using edible and non-edible oils. Fuel
Process Technol 92:1411–1417
32. Tiwari P, Garg S (2016) Study of reversible kinetic models for alkali-catalyzed Jatropha curcas
transesterification. Biomass Convers Biorefin 6:61–70
33. Freedman B, Butterfield RO, Pryde EH (1986) Reaction conditions employed in kinetic studies. J Am Oil Chem Soc 63:1375–1380
34. Darnoko D, Cheryan M (2000) Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor. J Am
Oil Chem Soc 77:1263–1267
35. Noureddini H, Zhu D (1997) Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc
74:1457–1463
36. Tesser R, Di Serio M, Guida M, Nastasi M, Santacesaria E (2005) Kinetics of oleic acid esterification with methanol in the presence of triglycerides. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:7978–7982
37. Zubir MI, Chin SY (2010) Kinetics of modified Zirconia-catalyzed heterogeneous esterification reaction for biodiesel production. J Appl Sci 10:2584–2589
38. Lerkkasemsan N, Abdoulmoumine N, Achenie L, Agblevor F (2011) Mechanistic modeling of
palmitic acid esterification via heterogeneous catalysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 50:1177–1186
39. Shahid A, Jamal Y, Khan SJ, Khan JA, Boulanger B (2018) Esterification reaction kinetics of acetic and oleic acids with ethanol in the presence of Amberlyst 15. Arab J Sci Eng
43:5701–5709
40. Gokel GW (1995) A review of “phase-transfer catalysis fundamentals, applications, and industrial perspectives. C. M. Starks, C. L. Liotta, M. Halper. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1994,
9.25″ × 6.25″; xiv + 668 pp. ISBN 0-412-04071-9”. Supramol Chem 5:237
41. Lifka J, Ondruschka B (2004) Influence of mass transfer on the production of biodiesel. Chem
Eng Technol 27:1156–1159
42. Zhao D, Ren H, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhao Y (2007) Kinetics and mechanism of quaternary ammonium salts as phase-transfer catalysts in the liquid-liquid phase for oxidation of thiopene.
Energy Fuel 21:2543–2547
43. Starks CM, Halper M (1994) Phase transfer catalysis. Springer, Dordrecht. ISBN:
978–94–011-0687-0
44. Hailegiorgis SM, Mahadzir S, Subbarao D (2011) Enhanced in situ ethanolysis of Jatropha
curcas L. in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst.
Renew Energy 36:2502–2507
45. Huang YQ (2013) Synthesis of biodiesel by phase transfer catalysis. Appl Mech Mater
291–294:355–358
46. Hussain Z, Kumar R (2018) Kinetics & simulation of non-catalytic esterification. Mater Today
Proc 5(9):18287–18296
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Methods for Biodiesel Production
24. Agarwal M, Singh K, Upadhyaya S, Chaurasia SP (2012) Potential vegetable oils of Indian
origin as biodiesel feedstock—an experimental study. Journal of Scientific and Industrial
Research (India) 71:285–289
25. Hussain Z, Haider Mohammad B, Kumar R (2016) Usagespecific biodiesel production with
and without catalytic booster. Mater Today Proc 3:4115–4120
26. Stavarache C, Vinatoru M, Nishimura R, Maeda Y (2005) Fatty acids methyl esters from vegetable oil by means of ultrasonic energy. Ultrason Sonochem 12:367–372
27. Phan AN, Phan TM (2008) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils. Fuel 87:3490–3496
28. Guan Q, Shang H, Liu J, Gu J, Li B, Miao R, Chen Q, Ning P (2016) Biodiesel from transesterification at low temperature by AlCl 3 catalysis in ethanol and carbon dioxide as cosolvent:
process, mechanism and application. Appl Energy 164:380–386
29. Talebian-Kiakalaieh A, Amin NAS, Mazaheri H (2013) A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Appl Energy 104:683–710
30. Meher L, Vidyasagar D, Naik S (2006) Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 10:248–268
31. Vijaya Lakshmi C, Viswanath K, Venkateshwar S, Satyavathi B (2011) Mixing characteristics
of the oil-methanol system in the production of biodiesel using edible and non-edible oils. Fuel
Process Technol 92:1411–1417
32. Tiwari P, Garg S (2016) Study of reversible kinetic models for alkali-catalyzed Jatropha curcas
transesterification. Biomass Convers Biorefin 6:61–70
33. Freedman B, Butterfield RO, Pryde EH (1986) Reaction conditions employed in kinetic studies. J Am Oil Chem Soc 63:1375–1380
34. Darnoko D, Cheryan M (2000) Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor. J Am
Oil Chem Soc 77:1263–1267
35. Noureddini H, Zhu D (1997) Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc
74:1457–1463
36. Tesser R, Di Serio M, Guida M, Nastasi M, Santacesaria E (2005) Kinetics of oleic acid esterification with methanol in the presence of triglycerides. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:7978–7982
37. Zubir MI, Chin SY (2010) Kinetics of modified Zirconia-catalyzed heterogeneous esterification reaction for biodiesel production. J Appl Sci 10:2584–2589
38. Lerkkasemsan N, Abdoulmoumine N, Achenie L, Agblevor F (2011) Mechanistic modeling of
palmitic acid esterification via heterogeneous catalysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 50:1177–1186
39. Shahid A, Jamal Y, Khan SJ, Khan JA, Boulanger B (2018) Esterification reaction kinetics of acetic and oleic acids with ethanol in the presence of Amberlyst 15. Arab J Sci Eng
43:5701–5709
40. Gokel GW (1995) A review of “phase-transfer catalysis fundamentals, applications, and industrial perspectives. C. M. Starks, C. L. Liotta, M. Halper. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1994,
9.25″ × 6.25″; xiv + 668 pp. ISBN 0-412-04071-9”. Supramol Chem 5:237
41. Lifka J, Ondruschka B (2004) Influence of mass transfer on the production of biodiesel. Chem
Eng Technol 27:1156–1159
42. Zhao D, Ren H, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhao Y (2007) Kinetics and mechanism of quaternary ammonium salts as phase-transfer catalysts in the liquid-liquid phase for oxidation of thiopene.
Energy Fuel 21:2543–2547
43. Starks CM, Halper M (1994) Phase transfer catalysis. Springer, Dordrecht. ISBN:
978–94–011-0687-0
44. Hailegiorgis SM, Mahadzir S, Subbarao D (2011) Enhanced in situ ethanolysis of Jatropha
curcas L. in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst.
Renew Energy 36:2502–2507
45. Huang YQ (2013) Synthesis of biodiesel by phase transfer catalysis. Appl Mech Mater
291–294:355–358
46. Hussain Z, Kumar R (2018) Kinetics & simulation of non-catalytic esterification. Mater Today
Proc 5(9):18287–18296
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Methods for Biodiesel Production