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141. Bai X, Duan P, Xu Y, Zhang A, Savage PE (2014) Hydrothermal catalytic processing of
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142. Duan P, Bai X, Xu Y, Zhang A, Wang F, Zhang L, Miao J (2013a) Catalytic upgrading of
crude algal oil using platinum/gamma alumina in supercritical water. Fuel 109:225–233.
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143. Duan P, Savage PE (2011d) Catalytic treatment of crude algal bio-oil in supercritical water:
optimization studies. Energ Environ Sci 4:1447–1456. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00343C
144. Zhang C, Duan P, Xu Y, Wang B, Wang F, Zhang L (2014) Catalytic upgrading of duckweed biocrude in subcritical water. Bioresour Technol 166:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2014.05.022
145. Anderson J, DiCicco DM, Ginder JM, Kramer U, Leone TG, Raney-Pablo HE, Wallington
TJ (2012) High octane number ethanol–gasoline blends: quantifying the potential benefits in
the United States. Fuel 97:585–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.017
146. Pasadakis N, Gaganis V, Foteinopoulos C (2006) Octane number prediction for gasoline
blends. Fuel Process Technol 87(6):505–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.11.006
147. Duan P, Wang B, Xu Y (2015) Catalytic hydrothermal upgrading of crude bio-oils produced from different thermo-chemical conversion routes of microalgae. Bioresour Technol
186:58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.050
148. Li Z, Savage PE (2013) Feedstocks for fuels and chemicals from algae: treatment of crude
bio-oil over HZSM-5. Algal Res 2(2):154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.003
149. Duan P, Xu Y, Bai X (2013b) Upgrading of crude duckweed bio-oil in subcritical water.
Energy Fuel 27(8):4729–4738. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef4009168
150. Nielsen RP, Olofsson G, Søgaard EG (2012) CatLiq—high pressure and temperature
catalytic conversion of biomass: the CatLiq technology in relation to other thermochemical conversion technologies. Biomass Bioenergy 39:399–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2012.01.035
151. Vardon DR, Sharma BK, Scott J, Yu G, Wang W, Schideman L, Zhang Y, Strathmann TJ
(2011) Chemical properties of biocrude oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina
algae, swine manure, and digested anaerobic sludge. Bioresour Technol 102(17):8295–8303.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.041
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae
140. Yang L, Li Y, Savage PE (2016b) Near- and supercritical ethanol treatment of biocrude
from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae. Bioresour Technol 211:779–782. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.151
141. Bai X, Duan P, Xu Y, Zhang A, Savage PE (2014) Hydrothermal catalytic processing of
pretreated algal oil: a catalyst screening study. Fuel 120:141–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuel.2013.12.012
142. Duan P, Bai X, Xu Y, Zhang A, Wang F, Zhang L, Miao J (2013a) Catalytic upgrading of
crude algal oil using platinum/gamma alumina in supercritical water. Fuel 109:225–233.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.074
143. Duan P, Savage PE (2011d) Catalytic treatment of crude algal bio-oil in supercritical water:
optimization studies. Energ Environ Sci 4:1447–1456. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00343C
144. Zhang C, Duan P, Xu Y, Wang B, Wang F, Zhang L (2014) Catalytic upgrading of duckweed biocrude in subcritical water. Bioresour Technol 166:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2014.05.022
145. Anderson J, DiCicco DM, Ginder JM, Kramer U, Leone TG, Raney-Pablo HE, Wallington
TJ (2012) High octane number ethanol–gasoline blends: quantifying the potential benefits in
the United States. Fuel 97:585–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.017
146. Pasadakis N, Gaganis V, Foteinopoulos C (2006) Octane number prediction for gasoline
blends. Fuel Process Technol 87(6):505–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.11.006
147. Duan P, Wang B, Xu Y (2015) Catalytic hydrothermal upgrading of crude bio-oils produced from different thermo-chemical conversion routes of microalgae. Bioresour Technol
186:58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.050
148. Li Z, Savage PE (2013) Feedstocks for fuels and chemicals from algae: treatment of crude
bio-oil over HZSM-5. Algal Res 2(2):154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.003
149. Duan P, Xu Y, Bai X (2013b) Upgrading of crude duckweed bio-oil in subcritical water.
Energy Fuel 27(8):4729–4738. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef4009168
150. Nielsen RP, Olofsson G, Søgaard EG (2012) CatLiq—high pressure and temperature
catalytic conversion of biomass: the CatLiq technology in relation to other thermochemical conversion technologies. Biomass Bioenergy 39:399–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2012.01.035
151. Vardon DR, Sharma BK, Scott J, Yu G, Wang W, Schideman L, Zhang Y, Strathmann TJ
(2011) Chemical properties of biocrude oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina
algae, swine manure, and digested anaerobic sludge. Bioresour Technol 102(17):8295–8303.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.041
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae