Chapter 10
Realization of Artificial Chirality
in Micro-/Nano-Scale Three-Dimensional
Plasmonic Structures
Younghwan Yang, Yeseul Kim, Junho Gwak, Sunae So, Jungho Mun,
Minkyung Kim, Heonyeong Jeong, Inki Kim, Trevon Badloe,
and Junsuk Rho
Abstract Recent advancements in nano- and micro-fabrication technology have
allowed the realization of artificial structured materials with strong electromagnetic chirality, far-exceeding natural chiral materials. This chapter categorizes the
fabrication methods for realizing chiral structures based on the feature sizes, which
closely relates to the operating wavelengths. Conventional top-down and bottom-up
approaches are discussed along with their respective advantages and disadvantages,
and the recently developed unconventional fabrication methods are also provided.
Additionally, the chiral responses of the fabricated structures are briefly introduced.
This chapter will contribute to the understanding of possible chiral structure designs
and help to develop further fabrication methods for improving chiroptical activity.
10.1 Introduction
A chiral object cannot be superimposed onto its mirror image by only translations and
rotations. In general, a chiral object and its mirror image (enantiomer) have identical physical characteristics such as mass, so they cannot be distinguished easily
[1]. However, they may interact differently with other chiral objects; this feature
has significant implications in pharmaceutics and synthetic chemistry, because a
chiral molecule and its enantiomer have different chemical properties. Such chiral
objects interact enantioselectively with circularly-polarized light, i.e., the chiral
Y.Yang and Y. Kim have contributed equally to this work.
Y. Yang · Y. Kim · J. Gwak · S. So · M. Kim · H. Jeong · I. Kim · T. Badloe · J. Rho (B)
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology
(POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
e-mail: jsrho@postech.ac.kr
J. Mun · J. Rho
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology
(POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
E. Kamenetskii (ed.), Chirality, Magnetism and Magnetoelectricity,
Topics in Applied Physics 138,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62844-4_10
241
Realization of Artificial Chirality
in Micro-/Nano-Scale Three-Dimensional
Plasmonic Structures
Younghwan Yang, Yeseul Kim, Junho Gwak, Sunae So, Jungho Mun,
Minkyung Kim, Heonyeong Jeong, Inki Kim, Trevon Badloe,
and Junsuk Rho
Abstract Recent advancements in nano- and micro-fabrication technology have
allowed the realization of artificial structured materials with strong electromagnetic chirality, far-exceeding natural chiral materials. This chapter categorizes the
fabrication methods for realizing chiral structures based on the feature sizes, which
closely relates to the operating wavelengths. Conventional top-down and bottom-up
approaches are discussed along with their respective advantages and disadvantages,
and the recently developed unconventional fabrication methods are also provided.
Additionally, the chiral responses of the fabricated structures are briefly introduced.
This chapter will contribute to the understanding of possible chiral structure designs
and help to develop further fabrication methods for improving chiroptical activity.
10.1 Introduction
A chiral object cannot be superimposed onto its mirror image by only translations and
rotations. In general, a chiral object and its mirror image (enantiomer) have identical physical characteristics such as mass, so they cannot be distinguished easily
[1]. However, they may interact differently with other chiral objects; this feature
has significant implications in pharmaceutics and synthetic chemistry, because a
chiral molecule and its enantiomer have different chemical properties. Such chiral
objects interact enantioselectively with circularly-polarized light, i.e., the chiral
Y.Yang and Y. Kim have contributed equally to this work.
Y. Yang · Y. Kim · J. Gwak · S. So · M. Kim · H. Jeong · I. Kim · T. Badloe · J. Rho (B)
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology
(POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
e-mail: jsrho@postech.ac.kr
J. Mun · J. Rho
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology
(POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
E. Kamenetskii (ed.), Chirality, Magnetism and Magnetoelectricity,
Topics in Applied Physics 138,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62844-4_10
241