5 Light–Nanomatter Chiral Interaction in Optical-Force Effects
125
negative value of χ 2 does not indicate reduction but gain. In other words, the negative
value indicates the generation of the stimulated emission. The stimulated emission
also results in the sign inversion of χ 1 . Inside the tetramer structure, the dissipative
force induces orbital motion, and the gradient force points toward the hotspots at gap
areas. In Fig. 5.7b, we have employed the red-detuned manipulation light and utilize
the repulsive force (negative value of χ 1 ) from the hotspots, as depicted in Fig. 5.9d.
References
1. Y. Tang, A.E. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(16), 163901 (2010)
2. A. Papakostas, A. Potts, D. Bagnall, S. Prosvirnin, H. Coles, N. Zheludev, Phys. Rev. Lett.
90(10), 107404 (2003)
3. T. Vallius, K. Jefimovs, J. Turunen, P. Vahimaa, Y. Svirko, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(2), 234 (2003)
4. M. Kuwata-Gonokami, N. Saito, Y. Ino, M. Kauranen, K. Jefimovs, T. Vallius, J. Turunen, Y.
Svirko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(22), 227401 (2005)
5. B. Bai, Y. Svirko, J. Turunen, T. Vallius, Phys. Rev. A 76(2), 023811 (2007)
6. X. Yin, M. Schäferling, B. Metzger, H. Giessen, Nano Lett. 13(12), 6238 (2013)
7. X. Yin, M. Schäferling, A.K.U. Michel, A. Tittl, M. Wuttig, T. Taubner, H. Giessen, Nano Lett.
15(7), 4255 (2015)
8. X. Duan, S. Yue, N. Liu, Nanoscale 7(41), 17237 (2015)
9. S. Zu, Y. Bao, Z. Fang, Nanoscale 8(7), 3900 (2016)
10. V.P. Drachev, W.D. Bragg, V.A. Podolskiy, V.P. Safonov, W.T. Kim, Z.C. Ying, R.L. Armstrong,
V.M. Shalaev, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18(12), 1896 (2001)
11. T. Narushima, H. Okamoto, J. Phys. Chem. C 117(45), 23964 (2013)
12. T. Narushima, S. Hashiyada, H. Okamoto, ACS Photonics 1(8), 732 (2014)
13. S. Hashiyada, T. Narushima, H. Okamoto, J. Phys. Chem. C 118(38), 22229 (2014)
14. E. Hendry, T. Carpy, J. Johnston, M. Popland, R. Mikhaylovskiy, A. Lapthorn, S. Kelly, L.
Barron, N. Gadegaard, M. Kadodwala, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(11), 783 (2010)
15. Y. Tang, A.E. Cohen, Science 332(6027), 333 (2011)
16. A. Kuzyk, R. Schreiber, Z. Fan, G. Pardatscher, E.M. Roller, A. Högele, F.C. Simmel, A.O.
Govorov, T. Liedl, Nature 483(7389), 311 (2012)
17. J. Kumar, H. Eraña, E. López-Martínez, N. Claes, V.F. Martín, D.M. Solís, S. Bals, A.L.
Cortajarena, J. Castilla, L.M. Liz-Marzán, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
p. 201721690 (2018)
18. K. Sakai, T. Yamamoto, K. Sasaki, Sci. Rep. 8(1), 7746 (2018)
19. H. Ishihara, K. Cho, Phys. Rev. B 48(11), 7960 (1993)
20. H. Ishihara, K. Cho, Solid State Commun. 89(10), 837 (1994)
21. H. Ishihara, K. Cho, K. Akiyama, N. Tomita, Y. Nomura, T. Isu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(1), 017402
(2002)
22. M. Takase, H. Ajiki, Y. Mizumoto, K. Komeda, M. Nara, H. Nabika, S. Yasuda, H. Ishihara,
K. Murakoshi, Nat. Photonics 7(7), 550 (2013)
23. M. Ichimiya, M. Ashida, H. Yasuda, H. Ishihara, T. Itoh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(25), 257401
(2009)
24. T. Kinoshita, T. Matsuda, T. Takahashi, M. Ichimiya, M. Ashida, Y. Furukawa, M. Nakayama,
H. Ishihara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(15), 157401 (2019)
25. M. Hoshina, N. Yokoshi, H. Ishihara, Opt. Express 28(10), 14980 (2020)
26. D. Nowak, W. Morrison, H.K. Wickramasinghe, J. Jahng, E. Potma, L. Wan, R. Ruiz, T.R.
Albrecht, K. Schmidt, J. Frommer et al., Sci. Adv. 2(3), e1501571 (2016)
27. P.B. Johnson, R.W. Christy, Phys. Rev. B 6(12), 4370 (1972)
28. E.M. Purcell, C.R. Pennypacker, Astrophys. J. 186, 705 (1973)
125
negative value of χ 2 does not indicate reduction but gain. In other words, the negative
value indicates the generation of the stimulated emission. The stimulated emission
also results in the sign inversion of χ 1 . Inside the tetramer structure, the dissipative
force induces orbital motion, and the gradient force points toward the hotspots at gap
areas. In Fig. 5.7b, we have employed the red-detuned manipulation light and utilize
the repulsive force (negative value of χ 1 ) from the hotspots, as depicted in Fig. 5.9d.
References
1. Y. Tang, A.E. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(16), 163901 (2010)
2. A. Papakostas, A. Potts, D. Bagnall, S. Prosvirnin, H. Coles, N. Zheludev, Phys. Rev. Lett.
90(10), 107404 (2003)
3. T. Vallius, K. Jefimovs, J. Turunen, P. Vahimaa, Y. Svirko, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(2), 234 (2003)
4. M. Kuwata-Gonokami, N. Saito, Y. Ino, M. Kauranen, K. Jefimovs, T. Vallius, J. Turunen, Y.
Svirko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(22), 227401 (2005)
5. B. Bai, Y. Svirko, J. Turunen, T. Vallius, Phys. Rev. A 76(2), 023811 (2007)
6. X. Yin, M. Schäferling, B. Metzger, H. Giessen, Nano Lett. 13(12), 6238 (2013)
7. X. Yin, M. Schäferling, A.K.U. Michel, A. Tittl, M. Wuttig, T. Taubner, H. Giessen, Nano Lett.
15(7), 4255 (2015)
8. X. Duan, S. Yue, N. Liu, Nanoscale 7(41), 17237 (2015)
9. S. Zu, Y. Bao, Z. Fang, Nanoscale 8(7), 3900 (2016)
10. V.P. Drachev, W.D. Bragg, V.A. Podolskiy, V.P. Safonov, W.T. Kim, Z.C. Ying, R.L. Armstrong,
V.M. Shalaev, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18(12), 1896 (2001)
11. T. Narushima, H. Okamoto, J. Phys. Chem. C 117(45), 23964 (2013)
12. T. Narushima, S. Hashiyada, H. Okamoto, ACS Photonics 1(8), 732 (2014)
13. S. Hashiyada, T. Narushima, H. Okamoto, J. Phys. Chem. C 118(38), 22229 (2014)
14. E. Hendry, T. Carpy, J. Johnston, M. Popland, R. Mikhaylovskiy, A. Lapthorn, S. Kelly, L.
Barron, N. Gadegaard, M. Kadodwala, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(11), 783 (2010)
15. Y. Tang, A.E. Cohen, Science 332(6027), 333 (2011)
16. A. Kuzyk, R. Schreiber, Z. Fan, G. Pardatscher, E.M. Roller, A. Högele, F.C. Simmel, A.O.
Govorov, T. Liedl, Nature 483(7389), 311 (2012)
17. J. Kumar, H. Eraña, E. López-Martínez, N. Claes, V.F. Martín, D.M. Solís, S. Bals, A.L.
Cortajarena, J. Castilla, L.M. Liz-Marzán, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
p. 201721690 (2018)
18. K. Sakai, T. Yamamoto, K. Sasaki, Sci. Rep. 8(1), 7746 (2018)
19. H. Ishihara, K. Cho, Phys. Rev. B 48(11), 7960 (1993)
20. H. Ishihara, K. Cho, Solid State Commun. 89(10), 837 (1994)
21. H. Ishihara, K. Cho, K. Akiyama, N. Tomita, Y. Nomura, T. Isu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(1), 017402
(2002)
22. M. Takase, H. Ajiki, Y. Mizumoto, K. Komeda, M. Nara, H. Nabika, S. Yasuda, H. Ishihara,
K. Murakoshi, Nat. Photonics 7(7), 550 (2013)
23. M. Ichimiya, M. Ashida, H. Yasuda, H. Ishihara, T. Itoh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(25), 257401
(2009)
24. T. Kinoshita, T. Matsuda, T. Takahashi, M. Ichimiya, M. Ashida, Y. Furukawa, M. Nakayama,
H. Ishihara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(15), 157401 (2019)
25. M. Hoshina, N. Yokoshi, H. Ishihara, Opt. Express 28(10), 14980 (2020)
26. D. Nowak, W. Morrison, H.K. Wickramasinghe, J. Jahng, E. Potma, L. Wan, R. Ruiz, T.R.
Albrecht, K. Schmidt, J. Frommer et al., Sci. Adv. 2(3), e1501571 (2016)
27. P.B. Johnson, R.W. Christy, Phys. Rev. B 6(12), 4370 (1972)
28. E.M. Purcell, C.R. Pennypacker, Astrophys. J. 186, 705 (1973)