32
amplitude and frequency of vibration of nanoparticles, cancerous or morbid parts
can be eliminated without causing side effects. Although there are many thermoresponsive systems based on polymers, it has been shown that ceramides can also
be used as anti-cancer agent by triggering apoptosis (Stover et al. 2008). Since
ceramides are vulnerable to relatively high temperatures, they are usually modified
by nanoparticles and they became more stable to relatively high temperatures. Using
ceramides coated with hydrophobic nanoparticles facilitates their penetration to the
membrane and liberates ceramides by hydrolyzation. It has been proved that absorption properties of nanomaterials can be tuned in order to absorb specific light of
certain wavelength. These kinds of drug carrier can be triggered to deliver drug by
photo-effect (Bakhtiari et al. 2009). It is clear that it is of vital importance to obtain
effects of therapeutic. Magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, are
extremely useful in evaluation of these effects (Heo et al. 2014).
Concisely speaking, beside controllable precise treatment offered by nanotechnology, its obvious advantage is that it does not require expensive, complicated, and
relatively uncontrollable surgeries. Carbon nanotubes which can be in single-walled
or multi-walled forms, have great potential in various areas, detection, imaging, and
drug delivery. Because of their cylindrical shapes, nanotubes are easily taken by
cells and this makes them competitive candidate for intracellular delivery of drugs.
Functionalized carbon nanotubes have been already employed in delivery of various
drugs, such as methotrexate, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (He et al. 2013). Also, nanotubes can be modified to exhibit multiple behaviors. It has been shown that carboxylmodified nanotubes can be used for both targeting and killing tumor cells (Tian
et al. 2011). Due to their intrinsic optical properties, nanotubes can be used in photothermal therapy. Since nanotubes are shown to have strong absorption in near
infrared (NIR), damaged cells or tumor cells in which nanotubes are located can be
destroyed by irradiating nanotubes with near infrared light (O’Neal et al. 2004).
Nanotubes have high electrical conductivity and electrochemical potential. These
intrinsic properties make them suitable for (therapeutic) biosensors. Enzymes
attached to nanotubes can be exploited in both detecting glucose level and treating
diseases (Zhang et al. 2015). To summarize, nanotube-based nanoproducts have
great potential in monitoring, imaging, targeting, and multimodal treatments.
Another issue having profound impact on living being is pollution they are
exposed to either directly or via what they eat or drink. Because environment and
water have been adversely affected by human activities, these effects should be
compensated for healthy life. Does nanotechnology have solution to the problem?
The answer is yes. One of the most profound benefits of nanotechnology is desalination and purification of water. There are many promising applications in water
remediation. Researches approved that nanoparticles like silicates have ability to
adsorb heavy metal and to remove pathogen. They can reduce toxic materials to less
harmful species. They have also been introduced in water filter systems and provide
purified water (Gehrke et al. 2015).
S. Tekmen and S. Öksüz
amplitude and frequency of vibration of nanoparticles, cancerous or morbid parts
can be eliminated without causing side effects. Although there are many thermoresponsive systems based on polymers, it has been shown that ceramides can also
be used as anti-cancer agent by triggering apoptosis (Stover et al. 2008). Since
ceramides are vulnerable to relatively high temperatures, they are usually modified
by nanoparticles and they became more stable to relatively high temperatures. Using
ceramides coated with hydrophobic nanoparticles facilitates their penetration to the
membrane and liberates ceramides by hydrolyzation. It has been proved that absorption properties of nanomaterials can be tuned in order to absorb specific light of
certain wavelength. These kinds of drug carrier can be triggered to deliver drug by
photo-effect (Bakhtiari et al. 2009). It is clear that it is of vital importance to obtain
effects of therapeutic. Magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, are
extremely useful in evaluation of these effects (Heo et al. 2014).
Concisely speaking, beside controllable precise treatment offered by nanotechnology, its obvious advantage is that it does not require expensive, complicated, and
relatively uncontrollable surgeries. Carbon nanotubes which can be in single-walled
or multi-walled forms, have great potential in various areas, detection, imaging, and
drug delivery. Because of their cylindrical shapes, nanotubes are easily taken by
cells and this makes them competitive candidate for intracellular delivery of drugs.
Functionalized carbon nanotubes have been already employed in delivery of various
drugs, such as methotrexate, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (He et al. 2013). Also, nanotubes can be modified to exhibit multiple behaviors. It has been shown that carboxylmodified nanotubes can be used for both targeting and killing tumor cells (Tian
et al. 2011). Due to their intrinsic optical properties, nanotubes can be used in photothermal therapy. Since nanotubes are shown to have strong absorption in near
infrared (NIR), damaged cells or tumor cells in which nanotubes are located can be
destroyed by irradiating nanotubes with near infrared light (O’Neal et al. 2004).
Nanotubes have high electrical conductivity and electrochemical potential. These
intrinsic properties make them suitable for (therapeutic) biosensors. Enzymes
attached to nanotubes can be exploited in both detecting glucose level and treating
diseases (Zhang et al. 2015). To summarize, nanotube-based nanoproducts have
great potential in monitoring, imaging, targeting, and multimodal treatments.
Another issue having profound impact on living being is pollution they are
exposed to either directly or via what they eat or drink. Because environment and
water have been adversely affected by human activities, these effects should be
compensated for healthy life. Does nanotechnology have solution to the problem?
The answer is yes. One of the most profound benefits of nanotechnology is desalination and purification of water. There are many promising applications in water
remediation. Researches approved that nanoparticles like silicates have ability to
adsorb heavy metal and to remove pathogen. They can reduce toxic materials to less
harmful species. They have also been introduced in water filter systems and provide
purified water (Gehrke et al. 2015).
S. Tekmen and S. Öksüz