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respect to bulk copper. The toxicity of nanomaterials can be alleviated by coating
with suitable materials. Coatig CdSe quantum dots with ZnS enhances cell viability
by 66%. And finally, the risk assessment and precautions to be taken are given.
Some of risk assessment methods are introduced. Due to lack of knowledge, conflicts between results and uncertainty, it is too early to draw a complete picture of
nanomaterials in terms of risk assessment.
Keywords Nanomaterials · Applications · Exposure · Toxicity · Protein Corona ·
Human Health · Risk Assesment
2.1 Introduction: Nanomaterials
Nano word comes from Greek word “dwarf” and, mathematically, it is a prefix
defined as one-billionth of a quantity. Generally speaking, nanoparticles are those
whose sizes, at least one controllable dimension, are in the range of 1–100 nm.
Nanomaterials are developed ones where the nanoscale structure monitored is effectively responsible for the desired behavior of material. Nanotechnology is concerned with the world of invisible particles that are controlled by physical and
chemical laws, which are not valid for particles whose dimensions are beyond
100 nm. In other words, it is a field in which both synthesizing and controlling of
nanoparticles are achieved at nanoscale or at atomic and at molecular scale.
Although there have been many definitions for nanotechnology, one of the most
accepted one is the definition by the National Nanotechnology Initiative:
Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale
(nano.gov).
Nanotechnology provides cutting-edge products that will completely change the
way of diagnosis, protection of environment, storage of energy, enhancement of
food quality, creating sophisticated structures from single atom devices to macroscale structures. So, in brief, it will become dominant in almost every aspect of
our lives in the course of time.
The goal of nanotechnology is to establish control over production of nanomaterials in order to manufacture high-quality, environmentally friendly products which
are causing the lowest impact on health and environment. Nanotechnology is a
promising technology in solving ongoing problems such as renewable clean energy,
clean water, health and longevity, and protection of environment (Nanotechnology
and human health: Scientific evidence and risk governance 2013).
Generally, nanomaterials are classified into two groups. First ones are nanoparticles created naturally via a variety of events such as forest fires, volcanoes, dust
storms, evaporation of oceans and water. These kinds of nanomaterials coming from
natural events are called natural nanomaterials (NNMs). Besides these natural nanomaterials, there are also nanomaterials resulting from human activities such as
smoke, exhaust fume, building demolition, cosmetics, and intentionally synthesized
S. Tekmen and S. Öksüz
respect to bulk copper. The toxicity of nanomaterials can be alleviated by coating
with suitable materials. Coatig CdSe quantum dots with ZnS enhances cell viability
by 66%. And finally, the risk assessment and precautions to be taken are given.
Some of risk assessment methods are introduced. Due to lack of knowledge, conflicts between results and uncertainty, it is too early to draw a complete picture of
nanomaterials in terms of risk assessment.
Keywords Nanomaterials · Applications · Exposure · Toxicity · Protein Corona ·
Human Health · Risk Assesment
2.1 Introduction: Nanomaterials
Nano word comes from Greek word “dwarf” and, mathematically, it is a prefix
defined as one-billionth of a quantity. Generally speaking, nanoparticles are those
whose sizes, at least one controllable dimension, are in the range of 1–100 nm.
Nanomaterials are developed ones where the nanoscale structure monitored is effectively responsible for the desired behavior of material. Nanotechnology is concerned with the world of invisible particles that are controlled by physical and
chemical laws, which are not valid for particles whose dimensions are beyond
100 nm. In other words, it is a field in which both synthesizing and controlling of
nanoparticles are achieved at nanoscale or at atomic and at molecular scale.
Although there have been many definitions for nanotechnology, one of the most
accepted one is the definition by the National Nanotechnology Initiative:
Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale
(nano.gov).
Nanotechnology provides cutting-edge products that will completely change the
way of diagnosis, protection of environment, storage of energy, enhancement of
food quality, creating sophisticated structures from single atom devices to macroscale structures. So, in brief, it will become dominant in almost every aspect of
our lives in the course of time.
The goal of nanotechnology is to establish control over production of nanomaterials in order to manufacture high-quality, environmentally friendly products which
are causing the lowest impact on health and environment. Nanotechnology is a
promising technology in solving ongoing problems such as renewable clean energy,
clean water, health and longevity, and protection of environment (Nanotechnology
and human health: Scientific evidence and risk governance 2013).
Generally, nanomaterials are classified into two groups. First ones are nanoparticles created naturally via a variety of events such as forest fires, volcanoes, dust
storms, evaporation of oceans and water. These kinds of nanomaterials coming from
natural events are called natural nanomaterials (NNMs). Besides these natural nanomaterials, there are also nanomaterials resulting from human activities such as
smoke, exhaust fume, building demolition, cosmetics, and intentionally synthesized
S. Tekmen and S. Öksüz