258
MWCNTs induced growth of tobacco cells in cell culture medium
(Khodakovskaya et al. 2012). Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) also
enhanced the growth of tobacco cells in culture. SWCNHs also enhanced the seed
germination and growth of barley, corn, rice, soybean, switchgrass, and tomato
(Lahiani et al. 2015).
NP-Mediated Plant Tolerance to Stress and Disease
Xanthomonas perforans infection is known to reduce the fruit yield of tomato.
Nanocomposite containing DNA-Ag NP-graphene oxides has been reported to
maintain the growth and yield of X. perforans-infected tomato plants (Ocsoy et al.
2013). In addition to the growth-promoting effect, TiO 2 NPs were also reported to
act as antibacterial agents in potato tissue culture growth medium (Safavi 2014).
The exposure of ultraviolet (UV)-B light has been known to induce oxidative damage in plant chloroplast. TiO 2 NPs were reported to prevent this oxidative damage in
the chloroplast of spinach plants (Lei et al. 2008).
CNT has been reported to alleviate the stress induced by hyperaccumulation of
cadmium (Cd) in Spartina alterniflora (Chai et al. 2013). Chlordane and DDx are
nondegradable, persistent, and estrogenic pollutants. Exposure of MWCNTs inhibited the accumulation of chlordane and DDx in corn, soybean, tomato, and zuchhini
plants. A higher dose of MWCNTs was required to inhibit the pollutant uptake in
soybean than corn, tomato, and zuchhini plants. Similarly, differential response of
plant toward pesticide accumulation was noticed in the presence of C 60 fullerenes.
A variable and inconsistent reduction in the accumulation of chlordane and DDx
was observed in zuchhini and corn plants on exposure to C 60 fullrenes. However, for
soybean and tomato, the process of pesticide uptake was independent of C 60 presence (Torre-Roche et al. 2013). Likewise, TiO 2 NPs has also been reported to compensate the phytotoxic chemical, linolenic acid that negatively regulates the process
of photosynthesis (Su et al. 2008b).
10.2.2 Plant–NP Interaction: Negative Effects
The negative effect of NPs on plant growth and development indicates their phytotoxic nature (Fig. 10.4). Exposure of NPs can lead to phytotoxicity either at all
tested doses or above a threshold dose. Several reports have documented the detrimental effects of NPs on plants.
V. Kumar et al.
MWCNTs induced growth of tobacco cells in cell culture medium
(Khodakovskaya et al. 2012). Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) also
enhanced the growth of tobacco cells in culture. SWCNHs also enhanced the seed
germination and growth of barley, corn, rice, soybean, switchgrass, and tomato
(Lahiani et al. 2015).
NP-Mediated Plant Tolerance to Stress and Disease
Xanthomonas perforans infection is known to reduce the fruit yield of tomato.
Nanocomposite containing DNA-Ag NP-graphene oxides has been reported to
maintain the growth and yield of X. perforans-infected tomato plants (Ocsoy et al.
2013). In addition to the growth-promoting effect, TiO 2 NPs were also reported to
act as antibacterial agents in potato tissue culture growth medium (Safavi 2014).
The exposure of ultraviolet (UV)-B light has been known to induce oxidative damage in plant chloroplast. TiO 2 NPs were reported to prevent this oxidative damage in
the chloroplast of spinach plants (Lei et al. 2008).
CNT has been reported to alleviate the stress induced by hyperaccumulation of
cadmium (Cd) in Spartina alterniflora (Chai et al. 2013). Chlordane and DDx are
nondegradable, persistent, and estrogenic pollutants. Exposure of MWCNTs inhibited the accumulation of chlordane and DDx in corn, soybean, tomato, and zuchhini
plants. A higher dose of MWCNTs was required to inhibit the pollutant uptake in
soybean than corn, tomato, and zuchhini plants. Similarly, differential response of
plant toward pesticide accumulation was noticed in the presence of C 60 fullerenes.
A variable and inconsistent reduction in the accumulation of chlordane and DDx
was observed in zuchhini and corn plants on exposure to C 60 fullrenes. However, for
soybean and tomato, the process of pesticide uptake was independent of C 60 presence (Torre-Roche et al. 2013). Likewise, TiO 2 NPs has also been reported to compensate the phytotoxic chemical, linolenic acid that negatively regulates the process
of photosynthesis (Su et al. 2008b).
10.2.2 Plant–NP Interaction: Negative Effects
The negative effect of NPs on plant growth and development indicates their phytotoxic nature (Fig. 10.4). Exposure of NPs can lead to phytotoxicity either at all
tested doses or above a threshold dose. Several reports have documented the detrimental effects of NPs on plants.
V. Kumar et al.