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© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
V. Kumar et al. (eds.), Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology Vol. 1,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 59,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63241-0_8
Chapter 8
In Vitro Methodologies for Toxicological
Assessment of Drug Delivery Nanocarriers
Maria C. Teixeira, Carolina G. Rodrigues, Aleksandra Zielińska,
Joana R. Campos, Ana R. Fernandes, Andrea A. M. Shimojo,
and Eliana B. Souto
Contents
8.1 Introduction
204
8.2 Drug Delivery Nanocarriers (DDNCs)
206
8.3 Nanomaterials Physicochemical Parameters Evaluation
209
8.4 In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Nanomaterials
210
8.4.1 Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability Assays
212
8.4.2 Oxidative Stress
214
8.4.3 Proinflammatory Activity and Immunological Response
215
8.4.4 Genotoxicity
216
8.4.5 “Omics” Methodologies
217
8.5 Challenges of Toxicological In Vitro Testing
218
8.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
221
References
222
M. C. Teixeira · C. G. Rodrigues · J. R. Campos · A. R. Fernandes
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra,
University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
A. Zielińska
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra,
University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
A. A. M. Shimojo
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra,
University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocesses, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,
University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
E. B. Souto (*)
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra,
University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
e-mail: ebsouto@ff.uc.pt