191
Repeated exposure studies during multiple years are important to uncover and avoid
nanostructure accumulation in environmental sediments over time (Bundschuh
et al. 2018), which can affect species at various trophic levels (Bour et al. 2016;
Bhuvaneshwari et al. 2017) and cause deleterious effects to human health and nutrition (Gardea-Torresdey et al. 2014). For instance, according to Kim et al. (2016),
titanium dioxide nanoparticles show superior movement in the sediment than in the
water and can be retained through aquatic food chains after a consecutive low-dose
exposure than after a single high-dose exposure. Therefore, an increase of models
used to assess the fate, transport, and effects of nanostructures in aquatic systems is
highly demanded. Additionally, there are some barriers to the effective action of risk
assessment and management, including lack of nano-specific regulations and validated and accessible methods for safety testing, reliable information on commercial
use, etc. (Miller and Wickson 2015; Hu et al. 2016; Mouchet et al. 2016). Moreover,
substantial methodological limitations must be overcome in order to allow better
quantification of nanostructure and biological uptakes in aquatic environments.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the financial support from FAPESP (2017/12174-4),
CNPq, MCTI-SisNano, FINEP, Embrapa, and Nanotechnology Network for Research in
Agriculture (Rede AgroNano).
References
Abou El-Nour KMM, Eftaiha A, Al-Warthan A, Ammar RAA (2010) Synthesis and applications of
silver nanoparticles. Arab J Chem 3:135–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARABJC.2010.04.008
Abramenko NB, Demidova TB, Abkhalimov ЕV, Ershov BG, Krysanov EY, Kustov LM (2018)
Ecotoxicity of different-shaped silver nanoparticles: Case of zebrafish embryos. J Hazard
Mater 347:89–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.060
Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Swami BL, Ikram S (2016) A review on plants extract mediated synthesis
of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: A green expertise. J Adv Res 7:17–28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2015.02.007
Ahmed S, Annu, Chaudhry SA, Ikram S (2017) A review on biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extracts and microbes: A prospect towards green chemistry. J Photochem
Photobiol B Biol 166:272–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.011
Ahn ES, Gleason NJ, Nakahira A, Ying JY (2001) Nanostructure processing of hydroxyapatitebased bioceramics. Nano Lett 1:149–153. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0055299
Ale A, Bacchetta C, Rossi AS, Galdopórpora J, Desimone MF, de la Torre FR, Gervasio S,
Cazenave J (2018) Nanosilver toxicity in gills of a neotropical fish: metal accumulation,
oxidative stress, histopathology and other physiological effects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
148:976–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.072
Ali H, Khan E, Ilahi I (2019) Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy
metals: Environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. J Chem 2019. Article
ID: 6730305
Alves LR, Dos Reis AR, Gratão PL (2016) Heavy metals in agricultural soils: from plants to our
daily life. Scientifica 44:346. https://doi.org/10.15361/1984- 5529.2016v44n3p346- 361
Ando Y, Iijima S (1993) Preparation of carbon nanotubes by arc-discharge evaporation. Jpn J Appl
Phys 32:L107–L109. https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.32.L107
Andre RS, Shimizu FM, Miyazaki CM, Riul A, Manzani D, Ribeiro SJL, Oliveira ON, Mattoso
LHC, Correa DS (2017) Hybrid layer-by-layer (LbL) films of polyaniline, graphene oxide
7 Toxicity of Engineered Nanostructures in Aquatic Environments
Repeated exposure studies during multiple years are important to uncover and avoid
nanostructure accumulation in environmental sediments over time (Bundschuh
et al. 2018), which can affect species at various trophic levels (Bour et al. 2016;
Bhuvaneshwari et al. 2017) and cause deleterious effects to human health and nutrition (Gardea-Torresdey et al. 2014). For instance, according to Kim et al. (2016),
titanium dioxide nanoparticles show superior movement in the sediment than in the
water and can be retained through aquatic food chains after a consecutive low-dose
exposure than after a single high-dose exposure. Therefore, an increase of models
used to assess the fate, transport, and effects of nanostructures in aquatic systems is
highly demanded. Additionally, there are some barriers to the effective action of risk
assessment and management, including lack of nano-specific regulations and validated and accessible methods for safety testing, reliable information on commercial
use, etc. (Miller and Wickson 2015; Hu et al. 2016; Mouchet et al. 2016). Moreover,
substantial methodological limitations must be overcome in order to allow better
quantification of nanostructure and biological uptakes in aquatic environments.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the financial support from FAPESP (2017/12174-4),
CNPq, MCTI-SisNano, FINEP, Embrapa, and Nanotechnology Network for Research in
Agriculture (Rede AgroNano).
References
Abou El-Nour KMM, Eftaiha A, Al-Warthan A, Ammar RAA (2010) Synthesis and applications of
silver nanoparticles. Arab J Chem 3:135–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARABJC.2010.04.008
Abramenko NB, Demidova TB, Abkhalimov ЕV, Ershov BG, Krysanov EY, Kustov LM (2018)
Ecotoxicity of different-shaped silver nanoparticles: Case of zebrafish embryos. J Hazard
Mater 347:89–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.060
Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Swami BL, Ikram S (2016) A review on plants extract mediated synthesis
of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: A green expertise. J Adv Res 7:17–28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2015.02.007
Ahmed S, Annu, Chaudhry SA, Ikram S (2017) A review on biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extracts and microbes: A prospect towards green chemistry. J Photochem
Photobiol B Biol 166:272–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.011
Ahn ES, Gleason NJ, Nakahira A, Ying JY (2001) Nanostructure processing of hydroxyapatitebased bioceramics. Nano Lett 1:149–153. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0055299
Ale A, Bacchetta C, Rossi AS, Galdopórpora J, Desimone MF, de la Torre FR, Gervasio S,
Cazenave J (2018) Nanosilver toxicity in gills of a neotropical fish: metal accumulation,
oxidative stress, histopathology and other physiological effects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
148:976–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.072
Ali H, Khan E, Ilahi I (2019) Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy
metals: Environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. J Chem 2019. Article
ID: 6730305
Alves LR, Dos Reis AR, Gratão PL (2016) Heavy metals in agricultural soils: from plants to our
daily life. Scientifica 44:346. https://doi.org/10.15361/1984- 5529.2016v44n3p346- 361
Ando Y, Iijima S (1993) Preparation of carbon nanotubes by arc-discharge evaporation. Jpn J Appl
Phys 32:L107–L109. https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.32.L107
Andre RS, Shimizu FM, Miyazaki CM, Riul A, Manzani D, Ribeiro SJL, Oliveira ON, Mattoso
LHC, Correa DS (2017) Hybrid layer-by-layer (LbL) films of polyaniline, graphene oxide
7 Toxicity of Engineered Nanostructures in Aquatic Environments