6
type of chemical, chemical concentration, timing of chemical release, weather conditions, and organisms living in the area.
This has been one of the driving forces for nanoecotoxicology and research on
the effects of nanomaterial waste and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System, which was established by the Clean Water Act. This system was put into
place to regulate factories and other point sources by requiring them to obtain a
permit before releasing nanoparticles into a body of water.
1.3 Current State of Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology
1.3.1 Economic
Nanotechnology has expanded rapidly over the last couple of decades in order to
meet public demand. This has resulted in the application of nanomaterials in many
human’s daily activities in different industries such as agriculture, medicine, business, as well as public health. Between 1997 and 2005, the National Science
Foundation, private and government sectors, and universities have invested funds in
nanotechnology research and development. Government investments everywhere in
the world climbed from $432 million to $4.1 billion, and conforming industry
investment surpassed that of the government by the year 2005 (Ray et al. 2009).
Nanotechnology has become a growing industry, which is predicted to achieve a net
worth of more than $125 billion by the year 2024, and products incorporating nanotechnology will continue to contribute to global economy (Research and Markets
2018). There could be upward of two million individuals that will be employed in
nanotechnology businesses, and possibly three times that many in supporting jobs.
While many projected advantages are connected to this new industrial revolution,
there are ever-increasing worries concerning the potential adverse health effects that
the introduction of these products to the human anatomy might pose. While not
fully understood or confirmed by regulations, research, and new developments,
these concerns are well founded, due to the overabundance of research and knowledge connected to the effects of environmental air pollution on human health compared to the nanoparticle component contained within that pollution. Although this
has been a lucrative industry, a major question is: will the good from nanomaterials
outweigh the harm from nanomaterials manipulated at a molecular level that could
harm the environment or human beings? Look at the adverse effects that have been
linked to genetically modified organisms, which is essentially genetically engineered agriculture digested by humans but does not have to be identified to the
populous. Economically, genetically modified organisms have helped with the
shortage of food supplies, but they have also been linked to food allergies and 22
diseases:
Several animal studies indicate serious health risks associated with genetically modified
food consumption including infertility, immune dysregulation, accelerated aging, dysreguS. Hughes and E. Asmatulu
type of chemical, chemical concentration, timing of chemical release, weather conditions, and organisms living in the area.
This has been one of the driving forces for nanoecotoxicology and research on
the effects of nanomaterial waste and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System, which was established by the Clean Water Act. This system was put into
place to regulate factories and other point sources by requiring them to obtain a
permit before releasing nanoparticles into a body of water.
1.3 Current State of Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology
1.3.1 Economic
Nanotechnology has expanded rapidly over the last couple of decades in order to
meet public demand. This has resulted in the application of nanomaterials in many
human’s daily activities in different industries such as agriculture, medicine, business, as well as public health. Between 1997 and 2005, the National Science
Foundation, private and government sectors, and universities have invested funds in
nanotechnology research and development. Government investments everywhere in
the world climbed from $432 million to $4.1 billion, and conforming industry
investment surpassed that of the government by the year 2005 (Ray et al. 2009).
Nanotechnology has become a growing industry, which is predicted to achieve a net
worth of more than $125 billion by the year 2024, and products incorporating nanotechnology will continue to contribute to global economy (Research and Markets
2018). There could be upward of two million individuals that will be employed in
nanotechnology businesses, and possibly three times that many in supporting jobs.
While many projected advantages are connected to this new industrial revolution,
there are ever-increasing worries concerning the potential adverse health effects that
the introduction of these products to the human anatomy might pose. While not
fully understood or confirmed by regulations, research, and new developments,
these concerns are well founded, due to the overabundance of research and knowledge connected to the effects of environmental air pollution on human health compared to the nanoparticle component contained within that pollution. Although this
has been a lucrative industry, a major question is: will the good from nanomaterials
outweigh the harm from nanomaterials manipulated at a molecular level that could
harm the environment or human beings? Look at the adverse effects that have been
linked to genetically modified organisms, which is essentially genetically engineered agriculture digested by humans but does not have to be identified to the
populous. Economically, genetically modified organisms have helped with the
shortage of food supplies, but they have also been linked to food allergies and 22
diseases:
Several animal studies indicate serious health risks associated with genetically modified
food consumption including infertility, immune dysregulation, accelerated aging, dysreguS. Hughes and E. Asmatulu