119
zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Nanotoxicology 8(5):559–572.
https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2013.809808
Hossain F, Perales-Perez OJ, Hwang S, Román F (2014) Antimicrobial nanomaterials as water disinfectant: applications, limitations and future perspectives. Sci Total Environ 466:1047–1059.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.009
Hou L, Li K, Ding Y, Li Y, Chen J, Wu X, Li X (2012) Removal of silver nanoparticles in simulated wastewater treatment processes and its impact on COD and NH4 reduction. Chemosphere
87(3):248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.042
Hou L, Xia J, Li K, Chen J, Wu X, Li X (2013) Removal of ZnO nanoparticles in simulated wastewater treatment processes and its effects on COD and NH4+-N reduction. Water Sci Technol
67(2):254–260. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.530
Hwang ET, Lee JH, Chae YJ, Kim YS, Kim BC, Sang BI, Gu MB (2008) Analysis of the toxic
mode of action of silver nanoparticles using stress-specific bioluminescent bacteria. Small
4(6):746–750. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200700954
Imlay JA (2003) Pathways of oxidative damage. Ann Rev Microbiol 57(1):395–418. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090938
Jiang W, Mashayekhi H, Xing B (2009) Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano-and
micro-scaled oxide particles. Environ Pollut 157(5):1619–1625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envpol.2008.12.025
Jin L, Son Y, Yoon TK, Kang YJ, Kim W, Chung H (2013) High concentrations of single-walled
carbon nanotubes lower soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
88:9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.10.031
Jin L, Son Y, DeForest JL, Kang YJ, Kim W, Chung H (2014) Single-walled carbon nanotubes
alter soil microbial community composition. Sci Total Environ 466:533–538. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.035
Johansen A, Pedersen AL, Jensen KA, Karlson U, Hansen BM, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Winding A
(2008) Effects of C60 fullerene nanoparticles on soil bacteria and protozoans. Environ Toxicol
Chem 27(9):1895–1903. https://doi.org/10.1897/07- 375.1
Jośko I, Oleszczuk P, Futa B (2014) The effect of inorganic nanoparticles (ZnO, Cr2O3, CuO and
Ni) and their bulk counterparts on enzyme activities in different soils. Geoderma 232:528–537.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.06.012
Jośko I, Oleszczuk P, Dobrzyńska J, Futa B, Joniec J, Dobrowolski R (2019) Long-term effect of
ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on soil microbial community in different types of soil. Geoderma
352:204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.010
Judy JD, McNear DH Jr, Chen C, Lewis RW, Tsyusko OV, Bertsch PM, Rao W, Stegemeier J,
Lowry GV, McGrath SP, Durenkamp M (2015) Nanomaterials in biosolids inhibit nodulation, shift microbial community composition, and result in increased metal uptake relative
to bulk/dissolved metals. Environ Sci Technol 49(14):8751–8758. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.
est.5b01208
Kaegi R, Sinnet B, Zuleeg S, Hagendorfer H, Mueller E, Vonbank R, Boller M, Burkhardt M
(2010) Release of silver nanoparticles from outdoor facades. Environ Pollut 158(9):2900–2905.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.009
Kasemets K, Ivask A, Dubourguier HC, Kahru A (2009) Toxicity of nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO
and TiO2 to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol In Vitro 23(6):1116–1122. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.015
Kaweeteerawat C, Ivask A, Liu R, Zhang H, Chang CH, Low-Kam C, Fischer H, Ji Z, Pokhrel S,
Cohen Y, Telesca D (2015) Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in Escherichia coli correlates
with conduction band and hydration energies. Environ Sci Technol 49(2):1105–1112. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es504259s
Keller AA, Wang H, Zhou D, Lenihan HS, Cherr G, Cardinale BJ, Miller R, Ji Z (2010) Stability
and aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural aqueous matrices. Environ Sci Technol
44(6):1962–1967. https://doi.org/10.1021/es902987d
4 Nano-toxicity to Microbes: Potential Implications of Nanomaterials on Microbial…
zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Nanotoxicology 8(5):559–572.
https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2013.809808
Hossain F, Perales-Perez OJ, Hwang S, Román F (2014) Antimicrobial nanomaterials as water disinfectant: applications, limitations and future perspectives. Sci Total Environ 466:1047–1059.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.009
Hou L, Li K, Ding Y, Li Y, Chen J, Wu X, Li X (2012) Removal of silver nanoparticles in simulated wastewater treatment processes and its impact on COD and NH4 reduction. Chemosphere
87(3):248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.042
Hou L, Xia J, Li K, Chen J, Wu X, Li X (2013) Removal of ZnO nanoparticles in simulated wastewater treatment processes and its effects on COD and NH4+-N reduction. Water Sci Technol
67(2):254–260. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.530
Hwang ET, Lee JH, Chae YJ, Kim YS, Kim BC, Sang BI, Gu MB (2008) Analysis of the toxic
mode of action of silver nanoparticles using stress-specific bioluminescent bacteria. Small
4(6):746–750. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200700954
Imlay JA (2003) Pathways of oxidative damage. Ann Rev Microbiol 57(1):395–418. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090938
Jiang W, Mashayekhi H, Xing B (2009) Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano-and
micro-scaled oxide particles. Environ Pollut 157(5):1619–1625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envpol.2008.12.025
Jin L, Son Y, Yoon TK, Kang YJ, Kim W, Chung H (2013) High concentrations of single-walled
carbon nanotubes lower soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
88:9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.10.031
Jin L, Son Y, DeForest JL, Kang YJ, Kim W, Chung H (2014) Single-walled carbon nanotubes
alter soil microbial community composition. Sci Total Environ 466:533–538. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.035
Johansen A, Pedersen AL, Jensen KA, Karlson U, Hansen BM, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Winding A
(2008) Effects of C60 fullerene nanoparticles on soil bacteria and protozoans. Environ Toxicol
Chem 27(9):1895–1903. https://doi.org/10.1897/07- 375.1
Jośko I, Oleszczuk P, Futa B (2014) The effect of inorganic nanoparticles (ZnO, Cr2O3, CuO and
Ni) and their bulk counterparts on enzyme activities in different soils. Geoderma 232:528–537.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.06.012
Jośko I, Oleszczuk P, Dobrzyńska J, Futa B, Joniec J, Dobrowolski R (2019) Long-term effect of
ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on soil microbial community in different types of soil. Geoderma
352:204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.010
Judy JD, McNear DH Jr, Chen C, Lewis RW, Tsyusko OV, Bertsch PM, Rao W, Stegemeier J,
Lowry GV, McGrath SP, Durenkamp M (2015) Nanomaterials in biosolids inhibit nodulation, shift microbial community composition, and result in increased metal uptake relative
to bulk/dissolved metals. Environ Sci Technol 49(14):8751–8758. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.
est.5b01208
Kaegi R, Sinnet B, Zuleeg S, Hagendorfer H, Mueller E, Vonbank R, Boller M, Burkhardt M
(2010) Release of silver nanoparticles from outdoor facades. Environ Pollut 158(9):2900–2905.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.009
Kasemets K, Ivask A, Dubourguier HC, Kahru A (2009) Toxicity of nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO
and TiO2 to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol In Vitro 23(6):1116–1122. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.015
Kaweeteerawat C, Ivask A, Liu R, Zhang H, Chang CH, Low-Kam C, Fischer H, Ji Z, Pokhrel S,
Cohen Y, Telesca D (2015) Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in Escherichia coli correlates
with conduction band and hydration energies. Environ Sci Technol 49(2):1105–1112. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es504259s
Keller AA, Wang H, Zhou D, Lenihan HS, Cherr G, Cardinale BJ, Miller R, Ji Z (2010) Stability
and aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural aqueous matrices. Environ Sci Technol
44(6):1962–1967. https://doi.org/10.1021/es902987d
4 Nano-toxicity to Microbes: Potential Implications of Nanomaterials on Microbial…