99
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
V. Kumar et al. (eds.), Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology Vol. 1,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 59,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63241-0_4
Chapter 4
Nano-toxicity to Microbes: Potential
Implications of Nanomaterials
on Microbial Activity
Hemraj Chhipa
Contents
4.1 Introduction
100
4.2 Nanomaterials in Environment
101
4.3 Interaction of Nanomaterial with Microbial Communities
102
4.4 Effect of Nanomaterials on Soil Microbial Flora
102
4.5 Effect on Microbial Community Structure and Enzymatic Activities
107
4.5.1 Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NP)
109
4.5.2 Carbon Nanomaterials
110
4.5.3 Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
111
4.5.4 Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
111
4.5.5 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
112
4.5.6 Iron Nanoparticles
113
4.5.7 Silicon and Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles
113
4.5.8 Nano-Ceria (CeO 2 )
113
4.6 Effect on Water Microbial Flora
114
4.7 Mechanism of Nanomaterial Toxicity to Microbial Community
114
4.7.1 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production
115
4.8 Conclusion
115
References
116
Abstract The increasing concentration of engineered nanomaterials and their
accumulation in the environment is the major concern for toxicity to soil microbial
community. The engineered nanomaterials have shown positive and negative effect
on microbes, microbial physiology, and their enzymatic activities, which play a
significant role in various biogeochemical cycles to maintain ecosystem. The disorganization of microbial community structure affects the soil fertility and ecosystem,
which involved in disintegration of complex substrates, remediation of pollutants,
and plant growth. Various metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterial have
shown their role in induction or suppression of various microbial enzymatic
H. Chhipa (*)
College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University, Kota, Jhalawar, India
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
V. Kumar et al. (eds.), Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology Vol. 1,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 59,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63241-0_4
Chapter 4
Nano-toxicity to Microbes: Potential
Implications of Nanomaterials
on Microbial Activity
Hemraj Chhipa
Contents
4.1 Introduction
100
4.2 Nanomaterials in Environment
101
4.3 Interaction of Nanomaterial with Microbial Communities
102
4.4 Effect of Nanomaterials on Soil Microbial Flora
102
4.5 Effect on Microbial Community Structure and Enzymatic Activities
107
4.5.1 Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NP)
109
4.5.2 Carbon Nanomaterials
110
4.5.3 Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
111
4.5.4 Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
111
4.5.5 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
112
4.5.6 Iron Nanoparticles
113
4.5.7 Silicon and Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles
113
4.5.8 Nano-Ceria (CeO 2 )
113
4.6 Effect on Water Microbial Flora
114
4.7 Mechanism of Nanomaterial Toxicity to Microbial Community
114
4.7.1 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production
115
4.8 Conclusion
115
References
116
Abstract The increasing concentration of engineered nanomaterials and their
accumulation in the environment is the major concern for toxicity to soil microbial
community. The engineered nanomaterials have shown positive and negative effect
on microbes, microbial physiology, and their enzymatic activities, which play a
significant role in various biogeochemical cycles to maintain ecosystem. The disorganization of microbial community structure affects the soil fertility and ecosystem,
which involved in disintegration of complex substrates, remediation of pollutants,
and plant growth. Various metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterial have
shown their role in induction or suppression of various microbial enzymatic
H. Chhipa (*)
College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University, Kota, Jhalawar, India