402
M. Hattab et al.
Giorgio, I., De Angelo, M., Turco, E., & Misra, A. (2019). A Biot–Cosserat two-dimensional elastic
nonlinear model for a micromorphic medium. Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 1–13.
Giorgio, I., & Scerrato, D. (2017). Multi-scale concrete model with rate-dependent internal friction.
European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 21(7–8), 821–839.
Haines, W. B. (1923). The volume changes associated with variations of water content in soil.
Journal of Agricultural Science, 13, 296–311.
Hammad, T., Fleureau, J. M., & Hattab, M. (2013). Kaolin/montmorillonite mixtures behaviour on
oedometric path and microstructural variations. European Journal of Environmental and Civil
Engineering, 17(9), 826–840.
Hild, F., & Roux, S. (2006). Digital image correlation: From displacement measurement to
identification of elastic properties—A review. Strain, 42(2), 69–80.
Ighil Ameur, L. (2016). Étude expérimentale de l’endommagement et de la fissuration d’une matrice
poreuse (Doctoral dissertation). Université de Lorraine, Metz, France (in French).
Ighil Ameur, L., & Hattab, M. (2017). Crack initiation and propagation of clays under indirect
tensile strength test by bending related to the initial suction. In Advances in Laboratory Testing
and Modelling of Soils and Shales (pp. 173–180). Cham: Springer.
Kong, D. F. (1994). Properties of fissured clay (1st ed.). Beijing, China: Geological Publishing
Company.
Lachenbruch, A. H. (1961). Depth and spacing of tension cracks. Journal of Geophysical Research,
66, 4273–4292.
Lloret, A., Ledesma, A., Rodríguez, R. L., Sánchez, M. J., Olivella, S., & Suriol, J. (1998). Crack
initiation in drying soils. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Unsaturated
Soils, Beijing, China, August 27–30, 1998 (Vol. 1, pp. 497–502). Beijing, China: International
Academic Publishers.
Longwell, C. R. (1928). Three common types of desert mud cracks. American Journal of Science,
5th Series, XV (86), 136–145.
Lu, N., Godt, J. W., & Wu, D. T. (2010). A closed form equation for effective stress in unsaturated
soil. Water Resources Research, 46, W05515.
Mitchell, J. K. (1986). Practical problems from surprising soil behavior. Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering, 112(3), 255–289.
Morris, P. H., Graham, J., & Williams, D. J. (1992). Cracking in drying soils. Canadian Geotechnical
Journal, 29(2), 262–277.
Péron, H. (2008). Desiccation cracking of soils (Doctoral dissertation). Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Péron, H., Hueckel, T., Laloui, L., & Hu, L. B. (2009). Fundamentals of desiccation cracking
of fine grained soils: Experimental characterization and mechanisms identification. Canadian
Geotechnical Journal, 46(10), 1177–1201.
Rijniersce, K. (1983). A simulation model for physical soil ripening in the Ijsselmeerpolder.
Lelystad, The Netherlands: Rijksdienst voor de Ijsselmeerpolders.
Santamarina, J. C. (2001). Soils behavior at microscale: Particle forces. In Proceedings of a Symposium on Soil Behavior and Soft Ground Construction, in Honor of Charles C. Ladd, October
2001, MIT.
Scholtès, L., Hicher, P., Nicot, F., Chareyre, B., & Darve, F. (2009). On the capillary stress
tensor in wet granular materials. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in
Geomechanics, 33(10), 1289–1313.
Tang, C.-S., Pei, X.-J., Wang, D.-Y., Shi, B., & Li, J. (2014). Tensile strength of compacted clayey
soil. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.
1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001267.
Tang, C.-S., Shi, B., Liu, C., Suo, W. B., & Gao, L. (2011). Experimental characterization of
shrinkage and desiccation cracking in thin clay layer. Applied Clay Science, 52(1–2), 69–77.
van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of
unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44(89), 2–898.
M. Hattab et al.
Giorgio, I., De Angelo, M., Turco, E., & Misra, A. (2019). A Biot–Cosserat two-dimensional elastic
nonlinear model for a micromorphic medium. Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 1–13.
Giorgio, I., & Scerrato, D. (2017). Multi-scale concrete model with rate-dependent internal friction.
European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 21(7–8), 821–839.
Haines, W. B. (1923). The volume changes associated with variations of water content in soil.
Journal of Agricultural Science, 13, 296–311.
Hammad, T., Fleureau, J. M., & Hattab, M. (2013). Kaolin/montmorillonite mixtures behaviour on
oedometric path and microstructural variations. European Journal of Environmental and Civil
Engineering, 17(9), 826–840.
Hild, F., & Roux, S. (2006). Digital image correlation: From displacement measurement to
identification of elastic properties—A review. Strain, 42(2), 69–80.
Ighil Ameur, L. (2016). Étude expérimentale de l’endommagement et de la fissuration d’une matrice
poreuse (Doctoral dissertation). Université de Lorraine, Metz, France (in French).
Ighil Ameur, L., & Hattab, M. (2017). Crack initiation and propagation of clays under indirect
tensile strength test by bending related to the initial suction. In Advances in Laboratory Testing
and Modelling of Soils and Shales (pp. 173–180). Cham: Springer.
Kong, D. F. (1994). Properties of fissured clay (1st ed.). Beijing, China: Geological Publishing
Company.
Lachenbruch, A. H. (1961). Depth and spacing of tension cracks. Journal of Geophysical Research,
66, 4273–4292.
Lloret, A., Ledesma, A., Rodríguez, R. L., Sánchez, M. J., Olivella, S., & Suriol, J. (1998). Crack
initiation in drying soils. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Unsaturated
Soils, Beijing, China, August 27–30, 1998 (Vol. 1, pp. 497–502). Beijing, China: International
Academic Publishers.
Longwell, C. R. (1928). Three common types of desert mud cracks. American Journal of Science,
5th Series, XV (86), 136–145.
Lu, N., Godt, J. W., & Wu, D. T. (2010). A closed form equation for effective stress in unsaturated
soil. Water Resources Research, 46, W05515.
Mitchell, J. K. (1986). Practical problems from surprising soil behavior. Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering, 112(3), 255–289.
Morris, P. H., Graham, J., & Williams, D. J. (1992). Cracking in drying soils. Canadian Geotechnical
Journal, 29(2), 262–277.
Péron, H. (2008). Desiccation cracking of soils (Doctoral dissertation). Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Péron, H., Hueckel, T., Laloui, L., & Hu, L. B. (2009). Fundamentals of desiccation cracking
of fine grained soils: Experimental characterization and mechanisms identification. Canadian
Geotechnical Journal, 46(10), 1177–1201.
Rijniersce, K. (1983). A simulation model for physical soil ripening in the Ijsselmeerpolder.
Lelystad, The Netherlands: Rijksdienst voor de Ijsselmeerpolders.
Santamarina, J. C. (2001). Soils behavior at microscale: Particle forces. In Proceedings of a Symposium on Soil Behavior and Soft Ground Construction, in Honor of Charles C. Ladd, October
2001, MIT.
Scholtès, L., Hicher, P., Nicot, F., Chareyre, B., & Darve, F. (2009). On the capillary stress
tensor in wet granular materials. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in
Geomechanics, 33(10), 1289–1313.
Tang, C.-S., Pei, X.-J., Wang, D.-Y., Shi, B., & Li, J. (2014). Tensile strength of compacted clayey
soil. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.
1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001267.
Tang, C.-S., Shi, B., Liu, C., Suo, W. B., & Gao, L. (2011). Experimental characterization of
shrinkage and desiccation cracking in thin clay layer. Applied Clay Science, 52(1–2), 69–77.
van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of
unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44(89), 2–898.