175
table a.5 Vibration-Limited Design
Functions and Constraints
Maximize
Ties, columns
Maximum longitudinal vibration frequencies
E/ρ
Beams, all dimensions prescribed
Maximum flexural vibration frequencies
Beams, length and stiffness prescribed
E/ρ
Maximum flexural vibration frequencies
E
1/2 /ρ
Panels, all dimensions prescribed
Maximum flexural vibration frequencies
Panels, length, width and stiffness prescribed
E/ρ
Maximum flexural vibration frequencies
E
1/3 /ρ
Ties, columns, beams, panels, stiffness prescribed
Minimum longitudinal excitation from external drivers, ties
ηE/ρ
Minimum flexural excitation from external drivers, beams
ηE
1/2
/ρ
Minimum flexural excitation from external drivers, panels
ηE
1/3
/ρ
table a.6 Damage-Tolerant Design
Functions and Constraints
Maximize
Ties (tensile member)
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, load-controlled
design
K lc and σ f
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, displacement
control
K lc /E and σ f
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, energy control
K E
c
1
2
and σ f
Shafts (loaded in torsion)
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, load-controlled
design
K lc and σ f
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, displacement
control
K lc /E and σ f
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, energy-control
K E
c
1
2
and σ f
Beams (loaded in bending)
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, load-controlled
design
K lc and σ f
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, displacement
control
K lc /E and σ f
Maximum flaw tolerance and strength, energy control
K E
c
1
2
and σ f
Pressure vessel
Yield before break
K lc /σ f
Leak before break
K c f
1
2
σ
Appendix: Material Indices