Acknowledgment This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement
No 715060).
References
1. Karunananda MK, Mankad NP (2017) Cooperative strategies for catalytic hydrogenation of
unsaturated hydrocarbons. ACS Catal 7:6110–6119
2. Khusnutdinova JR, Milstein D (2015) Metal–ligand cooperation. Angew Chem Int Ed
54:12236–12273
3. Balaraman E, Gunanathan C, Zhang J, Shimon LJW, Milstein D (2011) Efficient hydrogenation of organic carbonates, carbamates and formates indicates alternative routes to methanol
based on CO2 and CO. Nat Chem 3:609–614
4. Semproni SP, Milsmann C, Chirik PJ (2014) Four-coordinate cobalt pincer complexes:
electronic structure studies and ligand modification by Homolytic and Heterolytic pathways.
J Am Chem Soc 136:9211–9224
5. Shvo Y, Czarkie D, Rahamim Y, Chodosh DF (1986) A new group of ruthenium complexes:
structure and catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 108:7400–7402
6. Langer R, Leitus G, Ben-David Y, Milstein D (2011) Efficient hydrogenation of ketones
catalyzed by an iron pincer complex. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:2120–2124
7. Chirik PJ (2011) Preface: forum on redox-active ligands. Inorg Chem 50:9737–9740
8. Chirik PJ, Wieghardt K (2010) Radical ligands confer nobility on base-metal catalysts.
Science 327:794
9. Arevalo R, Chirik PJ (2019) Enabling two-electron pathways with Iron and cobalt: from ligand
design to catalytic applications. J Am Chem Soc 141:9106–9123
10. Dzik WI, van der Vlugt JI, Reek JNH, de Bruin B (2011) Ligands that store and release
electrons during catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:3356–3358
11. Luca OR, Crabtree RH (2013) Redox-active ligands in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev
42:1440–1459
12. Myers TW, Berben LA (2013) Aluminum–ligand cooperative N–H bond activation and an
example of dehydrogenative coupling. J Am Chem Soc 135:9988–9990
13. Myers TW, Kazem N, Stoll S, Britt RD, Shanmugam M, Berben LA (2011) A redox series of
aluminum complexes: characterization of four oxidation states including a ligand Biradical
state stabilized via exchange coupling. J Am Chem Soc 133:8662–8672
14. van der Vlugt JI (2012) Cooperative catalysis with first-row late transition metals. Eur J Inorg
Chem 2012:363–375
15. Braunstein P, Naud F (2001) Hemilability of hybrid ligands and the coordination chemistry of
oxazoline-based systems. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:680–699
16. Jeffrey JC, Rauchfuss TB (1979) Metal complexes of hemilabile ligands. Reactivity and
structure of dichlorobis(o-(diphenylphosphino)anisole)ruthenium(II). Inorg Chem
18:2658–2666
17. Adams GM, Weller AS (2018) POP-type ligands: variable coordination and hemilabile
behaviour. Coord Chem Rev 355:150–172
18. Lindner R, van den Bosch B, Lutz M, Reek JNH, van der Vlugt JI (2011) Tunable hemilabile
ligands for adaptive transition metal complexes. Organometallics 30:499–510
19. van der Vlugt JI, Pidko EA, Vogt D et al (2008) T-shaped cationic CuI complexes with
hemilabile PNP-type ligands. Inorg Chem 47:4442–4444
20. van der Vlugt JI, Pidko EA, Vogt D, Lutz M, Spek AL, Meetsma A (2009) CuI complexes
with a noninnocent PNP ligand: selective dearomatization and electrophilic addition reactivity.
Inorg Chem 48:7513–7515
64
M. R. Tiddens and M.-E. Moret
under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement
No 715060).
References
1. Karunananda MK, Mankad NP (2017) Cooperative strategies for catalytic hydrogenation of
unsaturated hydrocarbons. ACS Catal 7:6110–6119
2. Khusnutdinova JR, Milstein D (2015) Metal–ligand cooperation. Angew Chem Int Ed
54:12236–12273
3. Balaraman E, Gunanathan C, Zhang J, Shimon LJW, Milstein D (2011) Efficient hydrogenation of organic carbonates, carbamates and formates indicates alternative routes to methanol
based on CO2 and CO. Nat Chem 3:609–614
4. Semproni SP, Milsmann C, Chirik PJ (2014) Four-coordinate cobalt pincer complexes:
electronic structure studies and ligand modification by Homolytic and Heterolytic pathways.
J Am Chem Soc 136:9211–9224
5. Shvo Y, Czarkie D, Rahamim Y, Chodosh DF (1986) A new group of ruthenium complexes:
structure and catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 108:7400–7402
6. Langer R, Leitus G, Ben-David Y, Milstein D (2011) Efficient hydrogenation of ketones
catalyzed by an iron pincer complex. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:2120–2124
7. Chirik PJ (2011) Preface: forum on redox-active ligands. Inorg Chem 50:9737–9740
8. Chirik PJ, Wieghardt K (2010) Radical ligands confer nobility on base-metal catalysts.
Science 327:794
9. Arevalo R, Chirik PJ (2019) Enabling two-electron pathways with Iron and cobalt: from ligand
design to catalytic applications. J Am Chem Soc 141:9106–9123
10. Dzik WI, van der Vlugt JI, Reek JNH, de Bruin B (2011) Ligands that store and release
electrons during catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:3356–3358
11. Luca OR, Crabtree RH (2013) Redox-active ligands in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev
42:1440–1459
12. Myers TW, Berben LA (2013) Aluminum–ligand cooperative N–H bond activation and an
example of dehydrogenative coupling. J Am Chem Soc 135:9988–9990
13. Myers TW, Kazem N, Stoll S, Britt RD, Shanmugam M, Berben LA (2011) A redox series of
aluminum complexes: characterization of four oxidation states including a ligand Biradical
state stabilized via exchange coupling. J Am Chem Soc 133:8662–8672
14. van der Vlugt JI (2012) Cooperative catalysis with first-row late transition metals. Eur J Inorg
Chem 2012:363–375
15. Braunstein P, Naud F (2001) Hemilability of hybrid ligands and the coordination chemistry of
oxazoline-based systems. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:680–699
16. Jeffrey JC, Rauchfuss TB (1979) Metal complexes of hemilabile ligands. Reactivity and
structure of dichlorobis(o-(diphenylphosphino)anisole)ruthenium(II). Inorg Chem
18:2658–2666
17. Adams GM, Weller AS (2018) POP-type ligands: variable coordination and hemilabile
behaviour. Coord Chem Rev 355:150–172
18. Lindner R, van den Bosch B, Lutz M, Reek JNH, van der Vlugt JI (2011) Tunable hemilabile
ligands for adaptive transition metal complexes. Organometallics 30:499–510
19. van der Vlugt JI, Pidko EA, Vogt D et al (2008) T-shaped cationic CuI complexes with
hemilabile PNP-type ligands. Inorg Chem 47:4442–4444
20. van der Vlugt JI, Pidko EA, Vogt D, Lutz M, Spek AL, Meetsma A (2009) CuI complexes
with a noninnocent PNP ligand: selective dearomatization and electrophilic addition reactivity.
Inorg Chem 48:7513–7515
64
M. R. Tiddens and M.-E. Moret