98. Du P, Schneider J, Li F, Zhao W, Patel U, Castellano FN, Eisenberg R (2008) Bi- and
terpyridyl platinum(II) chloro complexes: molecular catalysts for the photogeneration of
hydrogen from water or simply precursors for colloidal platinum? J Am Chem Soc 130
(15):5056–5058
99. Galińska A, Walendziewski J (2005) Photocatalytic water splitting over PtÀTiO2in the
presence of sacrificial reagents. Energy Fuel 19(3):1143–1147
100. Liu H, Yuan J, Shangguan W (2006) Photochemical reduction and oxidation of water
including sacrificial reagents and Pt/TiO2Catalyst. Energy Fuel 20(6):2289–2292
101. Zhang J, Du P, Schneider J, Jarosz P, Eisenberg R (2007) Photogeneration of hydrogen from
water using an integrated system based on TiO2 and platinum(II) diimine dithiolate sensitizers.
J Am Chem Soc 129(25):7726–7727
102. Yamauchi K, Masaoka S, Sakai K (2009) Evidence for Pt(II)-based molecular catalysis in the
thermal reduction of water into molecular hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 131(24):8404–8406
103. Hill MG, Bailey JA, Miskowski VM, Gray HB (1996) Spectroelectrochemistry and dimerization equilibria of chloro(terpyridine)platinum(II). Nature of the reduced complexes. Inorg
Chem 35(16):4585–4590
104. Kohl SW, Weiner L, Schwartsburd L, Konstantinovski L, Shimon LJ, Ben-David Y, Iron MA,
Milstein D (2009) Consecutive thermal H2 and light-induced O2 evolution from water
promoted by a metal complex. Science 324(5923):74–77
105. Li J, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K (2009) Metal-ligand cooperation in H2 production and H2O
decomposition on a Ru(II) PNN complex: the role of ligand dearomatization-aromatization. J
Am Chem Soc 131(38):13584–13585
106. Yang X, Hall MB (2010) Mechanism of water splitting and oxygen-oxygen bond formation by
a mononuclear ruthenium complex. J Am Chem Soc 132(1):120–130
107. Sandhya KS, Suresh CH (2011) Water splitting promoted by a ruthenium(II) PNN complex:
an alternate pathway through a dihydrogen complex for hydrogen production. Organometallics 30(14):3888–3891
108. Ma C, Piccinin S, Fabris S (2012) Reaction mechanisms of water splitting and H2 evolution by
a Ru(II)-pincer complex identified with Ab initio metadynamics simulations. ACS Catal 2
(7):1500–1506
109. Sandhya KS, Remya GS, Suresh CH (2015) Pincer ligand modifications to tune the activation
barrier for H2 elimination in water splitting milstein catalyst. Inorg Chem 54
(23):11150–11156
110. Kristjansdottir SS, Norton JR (1991) Transition metal hydrides. VCH, New York, pp 309–357
111. Abdur-Rashid K, Fong TP, Greaves B, Gusev DG, Hinman JG, Landau SE, Lough AJ, Morris
RH (2000) An acidity scale for phosphorus-containing compounds including metal hydrides
and dihydrogen complexes in THF: toward the unification of acidity scales. J Am Chem Soc
122(38):9155–9171
112. Levina VA, Rossin A, Belkova NV, Chierotti MR, Epstein LM, Filippov OA, Gobetto R,
Gonsalvi L, Lledós A, Shubina ES, Zanobini F, Peruzzini M (2011) Acid-base interaction
between transition-metal hydrides: dihydrogen bonding and dihydrogen evolution. Angew
Chem 123(6):1403–1406
113. Boyer JL, Polyansky DE, Szalda DJ, Zong R, Thummel RP, Fujita E (2011) Effects of a
proximal base on water oxidation and proton reduction catalyzed by geometric isomers of [Ru
(tpy)(pynap)(OH2)]2+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 50(52):12600–12604
114. Chen Z, Glasson CR, Holland PL, Meyer TJ (2013) Electrogenerated polypyridyl ruthenium
hydride and ligand activation for water reduction to hydrogen and acetone to iso-propanol.
Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(24):9503–9507
115. Kilgore UJ, Roberts JA, Pool DH, Appel AM, Stewart MP, DuBois MR, Dougherty WG,
Kassel WS, Bullock RM, DuBois DL (2011) [Ni(P(Ph)2N(C6H4X)2)2]2+ complexes as
electrocatalysts for H2 production: effect of substituents, acids, and water on catalytic rates.
J Am Chem Soc 133(15):5861–5872
The Application of Pincer Ligand in Catalytic Water Splitting
441
terpyridyl platinum(II) chloro complexes: molecular catalysts for the photogeneration of
hydrogen from water or simply precursors for colloidal platinum? J Am Chem Soc 130
(15):5056–5058
99. Galińska A, Walendziewski J (2005) Photocatalytic water splitting over PtÀTiO2in the
presence of sacrificial reagents. Energy Fuel 19(3):1143–1147
100. Liu H, Yuan J, Shangguan W (2006) Photochemical reduction and oxidation of water
including sacrificial reagents and Pt/TiO2Catalyst. Energy Fuel 20(6):2289–2292
101. Zhang J, Du P, Schneider J, Jarosz P, Eisenberg R (2007) Photogeneration of hydrogen from
water using an integrated system based on TiO2 and platinum(II) diimine dithiolate sensitizers.
J Am Chem Soc 129(25):7726–7727
102. Yamauchi K, Masaoka S, Sakai K (2009) Evidence for Pt(II)-based molecular catalysis in the
thermal reduction of water into molecular hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 131(24):8404–8406
103. Hill MG, Bailey JA, Miskowski VM, Gray HB (1996) Spectroelectrochemistry and dimerization equilibria of chloro(terpyridine)platinum(II). Nature of the reduced complexes. Inorg
Chem 35(16):4585–4590
104. Kohl SW, Weiner L, Schwartsburd L, Konstantinovski L, Shimon LJ, Ben-David Y, Iron MA,
Milstein D (2009) Consecutive thermal H2 and light-induced O2 evolution from water
promoted by a metal complex. Science 324(5923):74–77
105. Li J, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K (2009) Metal-ligand cooperation in H2 production and H2O
decomposition on a Ru(II) PNN complex: the role of ligand dearomatization-aromatization. J
Am Chem Soc 131(38):13584–13585
106. Yang X, Hall MB (2010) Mechanism of water splitting and oxygen-oxygen bond formation by
a mononuclear ruthenium complex. J Am Chem Soc 132(1):120–130
107. Sandhya KS, Suresh CH (2011) Water splitting promoted by a ruthenium(II) PNN complex:
an alternate pathway through a dihydrogen complex for hydrogen production. Organometallics 30(14):3888–3891
108. Ma C, Piccinin S, Fabris S (2012) Reaction mechanisms of water splitting and H2 evolution by
a Ru(II)-pincer complex identified with Ab initio metadynamics simulations. ACS Catal 2
(7):1500–1506
109. Sandhya KS, Remya GS, Suresh CH (2015) Pincer ligand modifications to tune the activation
barrier for H2 elimination in water splitting milstein catalyst. Inorg Chem 54
(23):11150–11156
110. Kristjansdottir SS, Norton JR (1991) Transition metal hydrides. VCH, New York, pp 309–357
111. Abdur-Rashid K, Fong TP, Greaves B, Gusev DG, Hinman JG, Landau SE, Lough AJ, Morris
RH (2000) An acidity scale for phosphorus-containing compounds including metal hydrides
and dihydrogen complexes in THF: toward the unification of acidity scales. J Am Chem Soc
122(38):9155–9171
112. Levina VA, Rossin A, Belkova NV, Chierotti MR, Epstein LM, Filippov OA, Gobetto R,
Gonsalvi L, Lledós A, Shubina ES, Zanobini F, Peruzzini M (2011) Acid-base interaction
between transition-metal hydrides: dihydrogen bonding and dihydrogen evolution. Angew
Chem 123(6):1403–1406
113. Boyer JL, Polyansky DE, Szalda DJ, Zong R, Thummel RP, Fujita E (2011) Effects of a
proximal base on water oxidation and proton reduction catalyzed by geometric isomers of [Ru
(tpy)(pynap)(OH2)]2+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 50(52):12600–12604
114. Chen Z, Glasson CR, Holland PL, Meyer TJ (2013) Electrogenerated polypyridyl ruthenium
hydride and ligand activation for water reduction to hydrogen and acetone to iso-propanol.
Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(24):9503–9507
115. Kilgore UJ, Roberts JA, Pool DH, Appel AM, Stewart MP, DuBois MR, Dougherty WG,
Kassel WS, Bullock RM, DuBois DL (2011) [Ni(P(Ph)2N(C6H4X)2)2]2+ complexes as
electrocatalysts for H2 production: effect of substituents, acids, and water on catalytic rates.
J Am Chem Soc 133(15):5861–5872
The Application of Pincer Ligand in Catalytic Water Splitting
441