10. Karkas MD, Johnston EV, Verho O, Akermark B (2014) Artificial photosynthesis: from
nanosecond electron transfer to catalytic water oxidation. Acc Chem Res 47(1):100–111
11. Nelson N, Ben-Shem A (2004) The complex architecture of oxygenic photosynthesis. Nat Rev
Mol Cell Biol 5(12):971–982
12. McEvoy JP, Brudvig GW (2006) Water-splitting chemistry of photosystem II. Chem Rev 106
(11):4455–4483
13. Barber J (2006) Photosystem II: an enzyme of global significance. Biochem Soc Trans 34
(Pt 5):619–631
14. Barber J (2009) Photosynthetic energy conversion: natural and artificial. Chem Soc Rev 38
(1):185–196
15. Vengadesh P (2012) Nanocrystals – synthesis, chacterization and applications. InTech, Rijeka,
pp 41–60
16. Amouyal E (1995) Photochemical production of hydrogen and oxygen from water: a review
and state of the art. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 38(1–4):249–276
17. Bard AJ, Fox MA (2002) Artificial photosynthesis: solar splitting of water to hydrogen and
oxygen. Acc Chem Res 28(3):141–145
18. Frischmann PD, Mahata K, Wurthner F (2013) Powering the future of molecular artificial
photosynthesis with light-harvesting metallosupramolecular dye assemblies. Chem Soc Rev
42(4):1847–1870
19. Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL (2009) Solar fuels via artificial photosynthesis. Acc Chem Res
42(12):1890–1898
20. Concepcion JJ, House RL, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ (2012) Chemical approaches to artificial
photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(39):15560–15564
21. Lubitz W, Tumas W (2007) Hydrogen: an overview. Chem Rev 107(10):3900–3903
22. Palo DR, Dagle RA, Holladay JD (2007) Methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production.
Chem Rev 107(10):3992–4021
23. Marbán G, Valdés-Solís T (2007) Towards the hydrogen economy? Int J Hydrog Energy 32
(12):1625–1637
24. Nocera DG (2009) Chemistry of personalized solar energy. Inorg Chem 48(21):10001–10017
25. Esswein AJ, Nocera DG (2007) Hydrogen production by molecular photocatalysis. Chem Rev
107(10):4022–4047
26. Thoi VS, Sun Y, Long JR, Chang CJ (2013) Complexes of earth-abundant metals for catalytic
electrochemical hydrogen generation under aqueous conditions. Chem Soc Rev 42
(6):2388–2400
27. Morris AJ, Meyer GJ, Fujita E (2009) Molecular approaches to the photocatalytic reduction of
carbon dioxide for solar fuels. Acc Chem Res 42(12):1983–1994
28. Du P, Eisenberg R (2012) Catalysts made of earth-abundant elements (Co, Ni, Fe) for water
splitting: recent progress and future challenges. Energy Environ Sci 5(3)
29. Lubitz W, Ogata H, Rudiger O, Reijerse E (2014) Hydrogenases. Chem Rev 114
(8):4081–4148
30. Vignais PM, Billoud B, Meyer J (2001) Classification and phylogeny of hydrogenases. FEMS
Microbiol Rev 25(4):455–501
31. Vignais PM, Billoud B (2007) Occurrence, classification, and biological function of hydrogenases: an overview. Chem Rev 107(10):4206–4272
32. Tamagnini P, Axelsson R, Lindberg P, Oxelfelt F, Wunschiers R, Lindblad P (2002) Hydrogenases and hydrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66(1):1–20
33. Tamagnini P, Leitao E, Oliveira P, Ferreira D, Pinto F, Harris DJ, Heidorn T, Lindblad P
(2007) Cyanobacterial hydrogenases: diversity, regulation and applications. FEMS Microbiol
Rev 31(6):692–720
34. Thauer RK, Kaster AK, Goenrich M, Schick M, Hiromoto T, Shima S (2010) Hydrogenases
from methanogenic archaea, nickel, a novel cofactor, and H2 storage. Annu Rev Biochem
79:507–536
The Application of Pincer Ligand in Catalytic Water Splitting
437
nanosecond electron transfer to catalytic water oxidation. Acc Chem Res 47(1):100–111
11. Nelson N, Ben-Shem A (2004) The complex architecture of oxygenic photosynthesis. Nat Rev
Mol Cell Biol 5(12):971–982
12. McEvoy JP, Brudvig GW (2006) Water-splitting chemistry of photosystem II. Chem Rev 106
(11):4455–4483
13. Barber J (2006) Photosystem II: an enzyme of global significance. Biochem Soc Trans 34
(Pt 5):619–631
14. Barber J (2009) Photosynthetic energy conversion: natural and artificial. Chem Soc Rev 38
(1):185–196
15. Vengadesh P (2012) Nanocrystals – synthesis, chacterization and applications. InTech, Rijeka,
pp 41–60
16. Amouyal E (1995) Photochemical production of hydrogen and oxygen from water: a review
and state of the art. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 38(1–4):249–276
17. Bard AJ, Fox MA (2002) Artificial photosynthesis: solar splitting of water to hydrogen and
oxygen. Acc Chem Res 28(3):141–145
18. Frischmann PD, Mahata K, Wurthner F (2013) Powering the future of molecular artificial
photosynthesis with light-harvesting metallosupramolecular dye assemblies. Chem Soc Rev
42(4):1847–1870
19. Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL (2009) Solar fuels via artificial photosynthesis. Acc Chem Res
42(12):1890–1898
20. Concepcion JJ, House RL, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ (2012) Chemical approaches to artificial
photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(39):15560–15564
21. Lubitz W, Tumas W (2007) Hydrogen: an overview. Chem Rev 107(10):3900–3903
22. Palo DR, Dagle RA, Holladay JD (2007) Methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production.
Chem Rev 107(10):3992–4021
23. Marbán G, Valdés-Solís T (2007) Towards the hydrogen economy? Int J Hydrog Energy 32
(12):1625–1637
24. Nocera DG (2009) Chemistry of personalized solar energy. Inorg Chem 48(21):10001–10017
25. Esswein AJ, Nocera DG (2007) Hydrogen production by molecular photocatalysis. Chem Rev
107(10):4022–4047
26. Thoi VS, Sun Y, Long JR, Chang CJ (2013) Complexes of earth-abundant metals for catalytic
electrochemical hydrogen generation under aqueous conditions. Chem Soc Rev 42
(6):2388–2400
27. Morris AJ, Meyer GJ, Fujita E (2009) Molecular approaches to the photocatalytic reduction of
carbon dioxide for solar fuels. Acc Chem Res 42(12):1983–1994
28. Du P, Eisenberg R (2012) Catalysts made of earth-abundant elements (Co, Ni, Fe) for water
splitting: recent progress and future challenges. Energy Environ Sci 5(3)
29. Lubitz W, Ogata H, Rudiger O, Reijerse E (2014) Hydrogenases. Chem Rev 114
(8):4081–4148
30. Vignais PM, Billoud B, Meyer J (2001) Classification and phylogeny of hydrogenases. FEMS
Microbiol Rev 25(4):455–501
31. Vignais PM, Billoud B (2007) Occurrence, classification, and biological function of hydrogenases: an overview. Chem Rev 107(10):4206–4272
32. Tamagnini P, Axelsson R, Lindberg P, Oxelfelt F, Wunschiers R, Lindblad P (2002) Hydrogenases and hydrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66(1):1–20
33. Tamagnini P, Leitao E, Oliveira P, Ferreira D, Pinto F, Harris DJ, Heidorn T, Lindblad P
(2007) Cyanobacterial hydrogenases: diversity, regulation and applications. FEMS Microbiol
Rev 31(6):692–720
34. Thauer RK, Kaster AK, Goenrich M, Schick M, Hiromoto T, Shima S (2010) Hydrogenases
from methanogenic archaea, nickel, a novel cofactor, and H2 storage. Annu Rev Biochem
79:507–536
The Application of Pincer Ligand in Catalytic Water Splitting
437