13.7 Conducting Interdiction Surveys
145
Cities that have taken the time to perform comprehensive background radiation
surveys will identify some locations and/or facilities that tend to set off radiation
alarms; cities that have not had the opportunity to do so will have to adjudicate these
alarms as they occur. It is important that those performing interdiction surveys not be
distracted or fooled by innocent alarms, and that they be able to distinguish between
innocent alarms and events that require investigation.
References
1. Almemar Z, Karam P (2017a) Considering an actuarial approach to prioritizing radiological
counterterrorism expenditures. Fed Am Scientists Public Interest Rep 69(5):28–32
2. Almemar Z, Karam P (June 2017b) Measure for measure. CBRNE World 50–53., Falcon
Communication Ltd
3. Cazalas E (2018) Defending cities against nuclear terrorism: analysis of a radiation detector
network for ground based traffic. Homeland Security Affairs 14(10)
4. Federal Emergency Management Agency (2017) Resource typing definition for screening,
search, and detection prevention: preventive radiological nuclear detection team. https://rtlt.
preptoolkit.fema.gov/Public/Resource/ViewFile/0-508-1178?type=Pdf&s=FemaId. Accessed
10 December 2020
5. Karam P (2016) Setting up and Operating the NYPD radiation instrument calibration facility.
PEP W-4, Health Physics Society Annual Meeting, Spokane WA, July 17–21
7. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (2013) Best practices for securing
radioactive materials
8. Romo R, Parker N, Castillo M (4 Dec 2013) Mexico, Stolen Radioactive Material Found. CNN https://www.cnn.com/2013/12/04/world/americas/mexico-radioactive-theft/
index.html Accessed 17 Nov 2020
9. US Department of Homeland Security (2017) Using preventative radiological nuclear detection
equipment for consequence management missions: operational job aids. DHS, New York City
10. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2015) Implementation guidance for 10 CFR
Part 37, physical protection of category 1 and category 2 quantities of radioactive material
(NUREG 2155, Rev. 1). Government Printing Office, Washington DC
11. Wein L, Wilkins A, Baveja M, Flynn S (2006) Preventing the importation of illicit nuclear
materials in shipping containers. Risk Anal 26(5):1377–1393
12. Zimmerman P, Loeb C (2004) Dirty bombs: the threat revisited. Defense Horiz 38(1):1–12
145
Cities that have taken the time to perform comprehensive background radiation
surveys will identify some locations and/or facilities that tend to set off radiation
alarms; cities that have not had the opportunity to do so will have to adjudicate these
alarms as they occur. It is important that those performing interdiction surveys not be
distracted or fooled by innocent alarms, and that they be able to distinguish between
innocent alarms and events that require investigation.
References
1. Almemar Z, Karam P (2017a) Considering an actuarial approach to prioritizing radiological
counterterrorism expenditures. Fed Am Scientists Public Interest Rep 69(5):28–32
2. Almemar Z, Karam P (June 2017b) Measure for measure. CBRNE World 50–53., Falcon
Communication Ltd
3. Cazalas E (2018) Defending cities against nuclear terrorism: analysis of a radiation detector
network for ground based traffic. Homeland Security Affairs 14(10)
4. Federal Emergency Management Agency (2017) Resource typing definition for screening,
search, and detection prevention: preventive radiological nuclear detection team. https://rtlt.
preptoolkit.fema.gov/Public/Resource/ViewFile/0-508-1178?type=Pdf&s=FemaId. Accessed
10 December 2020
5. Karam P (2016) Setting up and Operating the NYPD radiation instrument calibration facility.
PEP W-4, Health Physics Society Annual Meeting, Spokane WA, July 17–21
7. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (2013) Best practices for securing
radioactive materials
8. Romo R, Parker N, Castillo M (4 Dec 2013) Mexico, Stolen Radioactive Material Found. CNN https://www.cnn.com/2013/12/04/world/americas/mexico-radioactive-theft/
index.html Accessed 17 Nov 2020
9. US Department of Homeland Security (2017) Using preventative radiological nuclear detection
equipment for consequence management missions: operational job aids. DHS, New York City
10. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2015) Implementation guidance for 10 CFR
Part 37, physical protection of category 1 and category 2 quantities of radioactive material
(NUREG 2155, Rev. 1). Government Printing Office, Washington DC
11. Wein L, Wilkins A, Baveja M, Flynn S (2006) Preventing the importation of illicit nuclear
materials in shipping containers. Risk Anal 26(5):1377–1393
12. Zimmerman P, Loeb C (2004) Dirty bombs: the threat revisited. Defense Horiz 38(1):1–12