548
I. Ihara et al.
To see in more detail about the projects scored with different TRL, the following
sections elaborate the parameters within the TRL for different technologies being
developed in each Southeast Asian country covered in this study.
Thailand
In Thailand, the most mature project found is using the biorefinery technology
(Fig. 36.4). The feedstock used in this project is bagasse and located in Saraburi
province in central Thailand. However, there are also projects that are biorefinery
technology but still very immature such as the one using non-food biomass in
Bangkok, Pathumtani which is still in the research experiment stage. Among the
least mature project is pelletization using woody biomass taking place in various
places such as Petchaburi and Khon Kaen.
Indonesia
Among the most mature projects in Indonesia, there is a project using Palm Oil
Mill Effluent (POME) as feedstock that uses anaerobic digestion technology. The
project is located in North Sumatera (GEC 2013). The project capacity is 2 MW
and operating in hybrid with solar based energy generation. Based on our database,
anaerobic digestion is also the most popular technology used in Indonesia with 5 out
of 16 projects in the country are developing this technology. As shown in Fig. 36.5,
overall, the projects are weakest in the commercialization parameter, which is key
for mass production, dissemination, and cost reduction.
Viet Nam
In Viet Nam, biorefinery is the most popular technology used in the projects collected
in our database. Using various types of feedstocks such as cassava and rice husks.
The most mature one is a biorefinery project using cassava in Vinhoek Province,
Fig. 36.4 TRL of
Japan-supported biomass
energy technology
development projects in
Thailand
0
2
4
6
8
Market
Development
Integration
Verification
Safety
Commercialization
Cost / Risk
Thailand
Biorefinery
BTG
Anaerobic Digestion
Pelletization
Carbonization
Gasification
I. Ihara et al.
To see in more detail about the projects scored with different TRL, the following
sections elaborate the parameters within the TRL for different technologies being
developed in each Southeast Asian country covered in this study.
Thailand
In Thailand, the most mature project found is using the biorefinery technology
(Fig. 36.4). The feedstock used in this project is bagasse and located in Saraburi
province in central Thailand. However, there are also projects that are biorefinery
technology but still very immature such as the one using non-food biomass in
Bangkok, Pathumtani which is still in the research experiment stage. Among the
least mature project is pelletization using woody biomass taking place in various
places such as Petchaburi and Khon Kaen.
Indonesia
Among the most mature projects in Indonesia, there is a project using Palm Oil
Mill Effluent (POME) as feedstock that uses anaerobic digestion technology. The
project is located in North Sumatera (GEC 2013). The project capacity is 2 MW
and operating in hybrid with solar based energy generation. Based on our database,
anaerobic digestion is also the most popular technology used in Indonesia with 5 out
of 16 projects in the country are developing this technology. As shown in Fig. 36.5,
overall, the projects are weakest in the commercialization parameter, which is key
for mass production, dissemination, and cost reduction.
Viet Nam
In Viet Nam, biorefinery is the most popular technology used in the projects collected
in our database. Using various types of feedstocks such as cassava and rice husks.
The most mature one is a biorefinery project using cassava in Vinhoek Province,
Fig. 36.4 TRL of
Japan-supported biomass
energy technology
development projects in
Thailand
0
2
4
6
8
Market
Development
Integration
Verification
Safety
Commercialization
Cost / Risk
Thailand
Biorefinery
BTG
Anaerobic Digestion
Pelletization
Carbonization
Gasification