35 Exergy and Environmental Analysis of a Bio-Hydrogen Supply …
539
These results indicate that the aspect of MH utilization is an important factor for
the mitigation of adverse environmental impacts. Also, the effective use of biomass
feedstock with a low energy density would be achieved.
However, there are several problems to solve before introducing the MH mobilities. For instance, the gain of total weight due to MH would influence performance.
That is, the relationship between the total weight and the fuel economy is extremely
important. In general, an increase in weight leads to a decrease in performance. Thus,
it is necessary to investigate this influence and its potential countermeasures.
Moreover, in this study, the continuous discharge flow rate from the storage tank
was assumed to be ensured. However, we know that the discharge would be affected
by the configuration of a tank, the packed conditions, and the operating conditions of
temperature and inner pressure. Especially, H 2 discharge from MH is an endothermic
reaction with the temperature drop of MH (Chung et al. 2013). This implies that the
suitable design of a tank, the appropriate operating conditions and the countermeasure
of continuous flow (e.g. heat supply from flue gas from FC) shall be found out. So
far, we fabricated the experimental apparatus, and are testing for evaluating H 2 flow
rate varying the experimental conditions including the replacement of MH species.
Finally, the reduction of precious metals used in MH and FC would be necessary
because they strongly influence the environmental impact of the ADP category. For
instance, the R&D of a fuel cell with a small amount of platinum being is carried
out, and the cell without any efficiency loss and with gains in current density is likely
to be developed. We will continue to monitor such a cell’s development incorporate
this technology in future studies accordingly.
In the future, these factors will be implemented through demo tests for use in the
experimental mobility, using simulation analysis, and/or other methods.
References
Chung CA, Yang SW, Yang CY, Hsu CW, Chiu PY (2013) Experimental study on the hydrogen
charge and discharge rates of metal hydride tanks using heat pipes to enhance heat transfer. Appl
Energ 103:581–587
Duclos L, Lupsea M, Mandil G, Svecova L, Thivel PX, Laforest V (2017) Environmental assessment
of proton exchange membrane fuel cell platinum catalyst recycling. J CleanProd 142:2618–2628
EUROLIFT “3–3.5 ton Diesel Forklift” Available: http://www.eurolift.co.za/forklifts-for-sale/die
sel/3–3-5-ton-diesel-forklift.html. Accessed 24 June 2019
Fuc P, Kurczewski P, Lewandowska A, Nowak E, Selech J, Ziolkowski A (2016) An environmental life cycle assessment of forklift operation: a well-to-wheel analysis. IntJ Life Cycle Assess
21:1438–1451
Hosseinzadeh E, Rokni M, Advani SG, Prasad AK (2013) Performance simulation and analysis of
a fuel cell/battery hybrid forklift truck. Int J Hydro Energ 38:4241–4249
Ikeya K, Takazawa M, Yamada T, Park S, Tagishi R (2015) Thermal efficiency enhancement of a
gasoline engine. SAE Int J Engin 8:1579–1586
Japan Automobile Research Institute, Available: http://www.jari.or.jp/Portals/0/jhfc/data/report/
2005/pdf/result_ref_1.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2019
Kondo S, Nagaishi T, Dowaki K (2018) Analyses of exergy and environmental impact on Bio-H 2
production system using 2-step PSA. J Japan Inst Energ 97:77–87
539
These results indicate that the aspect of MH utilization is an important factor for
the mitigation of adverse environmental impacts. Also, the effective use of biomass
feedstock with a low energy density would be achieved.
However, there are several problems to solve before introducing the MH mobilities. For instance, the gain of total weight due to MH would influence performance.
That is, the relationship between the total weight and the fuel economy is extremely
important. In general, an increase in weight leads to a decrease in performance. Thus,
it is necessary to investigate this influence and its potential countermeasures.
Moreover, in this study, the continuous discharge flow rate from the storage tank
was assumed to be ensured. However, we know that the discharge would be affected
by the configuration of a tank, the packed conditions, and the operating conditions of
temperature and inner pressure. Especially, H 2 discharge from MH is an endothermic
reaction with the temperature drop of MH (Chung et al. 2013). This implies that the
suitable design of a tank, the appropriate operating conditions and the countermeasure
of continuous flow (e.g. heat supply from flue gas from FC) shall be found out. So
far, we fabricated the experimental apparatus, and are testing for evaluating H 2 flow
rate varying the experimental conditions including the replacement of MH species.
Finally, the reduction of precious metals used in MH and FC would be necessary
because they strongly influence the environmental impact of the ADP category. For
instance, the R&D of a fuel cell with a small amount of platinum being is carried
out, and the cell without any efficiency loss and with gains in current density is likely
to be developed. We will continue to monitor such a cell’s development incorporate
this technology in future studies accordingly.
In the future, these factors will be implemented through demo tests for use in the
experimental mobility, using simulation analysis, and/or other methods.
References
Chung CA, Yang SW, Yang CY, Hsu CW, Chiu PY (2013) Experimental study on the hydrogen
charge and discharge rates of metal hydride tanks using heat pipes to enhance heat transfer. Appl
Energ 103:581–587
Duclos L, Lupsea M, Mandil G, Svecova L, Thivel PX, Laforest V (2017) Environmental assessment
of proton exchange membrane fuel cell platinum catalyst recycling. J CleanProd 142:2618–2628
EUROLIFT “3–3.5 ton Diesel Forklift” Available: http://www.eurolift.co.za/forklifts-for-sale/die
sel/3–3-5-ton-diesel-forklift.html. Accessed 24 June 2019
Fuc P, Kurczewski P, Lewandowska A, Nowak E, Selech J, Ziolkowski A (2016) An environmental life cycle assessment of forklift operation: a well-to-wheel analysis. IntJ Life Cycle Assess
21:1438–1451
Hosseinzadeh E, Rokni M, Advani SG, Prasad AK (2013) Performance simulation and analysis of
a fuel cell/battery hybrid forklift truck. Int J Hydro Energ 38:4241–4249
Ikeya K, Takazawa M, Yamada T, Park S, Tagishi R (2015) Thermal efficiency enhancement of a
gasoline engine. SAE Int J Engin 8:1579–1586
Japan Automobile Research Institute, Available: http://www.jari.or.jp/Portals/0/jhfc/data/report/
2005/pdf/result_ref_1.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2019
Kondo S, Nagaishi T, Dowaki K (2018) Analyses of exergy and environmental impact on Bio-H 2
production system using 2-step PSA. J Japan Inst Energ 97:77–87