24 CO 2 Removal Using the Sun and Forest: An Environmental Life …
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role for BECCS in terms of heat supply, more than 4000 megatons oil equivalent
(MTOE) per annum by the year 2100. In order to achieve the future zero emission
scenario which promotes economic growth, particularly in developing nations, it was
estimated that renewable energy would play a significant role alongside fossil fuel
and CCS based generation. For the transport sector, hydrogen production from coal
with CCS was shown to be optimal. Synfuel substitution for gas produced with CCS
is also suggested as a complementary approach. In terms of biomass and BECCS
contribution, the efficient use of biomass resources is identified as a requirement for
a zero-emission future under a least supply cost minimization approach.
24.2.2 CSP and BECCS Precedents
Solar driven gasification has the potential to convert carbonaceous feedstocks into
synthesis gas (syngas), a blend of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, easily processed
to useful, liquid fuels with lower GHG emissions than conventional gasification
or the combustion of fossil fuels. The use of solar energy to convert biomass into
syngas reduces reliance on fossil fuel imports for resource-poor nations and provides
an easily dispatchable liquid fuel from an intermittent renewable energy source
(Piatkowski et al. 2011). Advances in solar concentrating technologies suggest that
certain configurations of solar reactors (indirectly irradiated packed-bed, directly irradiated vortex-flow and indirectly irradiated entrained-flow) can achieve temperatures
exceeding 1500 K (1227 °C), sufficient for efficient gasification. These approaches
remain at the pilot scale (less than 1 MW) and do not incorporate CCS. Successful
market entry of such approaches remains dependent on feedstock and fossil fuel
prices and subsidies available for pollution abatement and GHG emission reductions
(Piatkowski et al. 2011).
Assessing the potential of solar gasification using molten salts, (Hathaway et al.
2011) describes a solar concentrator and molten alkali carbon salt-based approach,
capable of molten salt temperatures between 850 and 960 °C. Results are presented
at the laboratory scale and suggest that the temperatures achieved improve pyrolysis
levels of biomass and gasification efficiency, extoling the virtues of using the alkali
carbon salt. The exploitation of this proposed approach would be dependent on the
incorporation of a CCS component and the ability to scale-up.
375
role for BECCS in terms of heat supply, more than 4000 megatons oil equivalent
(MTOE) per annum by the year 2100. In order to achieve the future zero emission
scenario which promotes economic growth, particularly in developing nations, it was
estimated that renewable energy would play a significant role alongside fossil fuel
and CCS based generation. For the transport sector, hydrogen production from coal
with CCS was shown to be optimal. Synfuel substitution for gas produced with CCS
is also suggested as a complementary approach. In terms of biomass and BECCS
contribution, the efficient use of biomass resources is identified as a requirement for
a zero-emission future under a least supply cost minimization approach.
24.2.2 CSP and BECCS Precedents
Solar driven gasification has the potential to convert carbonaceous feedstocks into
synthesis gas (syngas), a blend of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, easily processed
to useful, liquid fuels with lower GHG emissions than conventional gasification
or the combustion of fossil fuels. The use of solar energy to convert biomass into
syngas reduces reliance on fossil fuel imports for resource-poor nations and provides
an easily dispatchable liquid fuel from an intermittent renewable energy source
(Piatkowski et al. 2011). Advances in solar concentrating technologies suggest that
certain configurations of solar reactors (indirectly irradiated packed-bed, directly irradiated vortex-flow and indirectly irradiated entrained-flow) can achieve temperatures
exceeding 1500 K (1227 °C), sufficient for efficient gasification. These approaches
remain at the pilot scale (less than 1 MW) and do not incorporate CCS. Successful
market entry of such approaches remains dependent on feedstock and fossil fuel
prices and subsidies available for pollution abatement and GHG emission reductions
(Piatkowski et al. 2011).
Assessing the potential of solar gasification using molten salts, (Hathaway et al.
2011) describes a solar concentrator and molten alkali carbon salt-based approach,
capable of molten salt temperatures between 850 and 960 °C. Results are presented
at the laboratory scale and suggest that the temperatures achieved improve pyrolysis
levels of biomass and gasification efficiency, extoling the virtues of using the alkali
carbon salt. The exploitation of this proposed approach would be dependent on the
incorporation of a CCS component and the ability to scale-up.